Ammonium Molybdate Extra Pure

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SHORT DESCRIPTION

Ammonium Molybdate Extra Pure, typically supplied as tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2O), is a high-purity, white crystalline compound widely used in laboratory chemistry for analytical, inorganic, and materials science applications. It is most notably used in colorimetric analysis for detecting phosphates, silicates, and arsenates through the formation of characteristic molybdenum blue complexes. In catalysis and coordination chemistry, it serves as a precursor for molybdenum-based compounds and materials. Its extra pure grade ensures high accuracy and reproducibility in sensitive assays and research procedures. Ammonium molybdate should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

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Category: LABORATORY CHEMICALS Tags: AnalyticalReagent, ColorimetricReagent, HighPurityMolybdate, InorganicStandard, MolybdenumSource, PhosphateDetection, SoilNutrientAnalysis, WaterTesting

Description

USES

Primary Uses

Reagent in Phosphate Analysis (Colorimetric Test)
- Widely used in the molybdenum blue method to detect and quantify phosphate (PO₄³⁻) in water, soil, and food samples.
Reagent for Silicate and Arsenate Detection
- Forms colored complexes with silicates and arsenates, allowing spectrophotometric or visual identification.
Precursor in the Synthesis of Molybdenum Compounds
- Serves as a starting material for producing molybdenum oxides, catalysts, and coordination complexes.
Catalyst Component in Laboratory-Scale Oxidation Reactions
- Acts as a heteropoly acid precursor or support material in oxidative catalysis research.
Educational Demonstrations of Polyatomic Ion Chemistry
- Used to illustrate the behavior of polyoxometalates and large anionic structures in advanced chemistry classes.

Secondary Uses

Chromogenic Agent in Clinical Chemistry Kits
- Found in diagnostic assays for phosphate and nucleotides in blood and urine analysis.
Study of Molybdenum Redox Chemistry
- Involved in research on Mo⁶⁺ ↔ Mo⁵⁺/Mo⁴⁺ redox cycling, useful in coordination chemistry and material science.
Corrosion and Metal Surface Treatment Research
- Used in the lab as a corrosion inhibitor model, particularly for steel and aluminum alloys.
Crystal Growth and Solid-State Chemistry
- Studied for its crystallization behavior and phase transitions in molybdenum-based materials.
Component in Heteropoly Acid Studies
- Participates in forming Keggin-type anions and other polyoxometalate structures, relevant to catalysis and supramolecular chemistry.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

KEY ATTRIBUTES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name: Ammonium Molybdate
CAS Number: 13106-76-8 (tetrahydrate)
HS Code: 28417000 (Molybdates; of ammonium or other metals)
Molecular Formula: (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O (commonly tetrahydrate)
Synonyms:
- Ammonium heptamolybdate
- Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
- Heptamolybdic acid, hexammonium salt
- Ammonium paramolybdate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Solid (crystalline powder)
Color & Odor: White to slightly green crystals; odorless
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: Decomposes at ~190–200°C (releases ammonia and water)
Density/Specific Gravity: ~2.498 g/cm³
Solubility:
- Water: Soluble (~40 g/100 mL at 20°C)
- Alcohol: Insoluble
pH Level: ~5.0–6.0 (5% aqueous solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Not flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Viscosity: Not applicable

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS):
- Eye Irritation (Category 2A)
- Skin Irritation (Category 2)
- Acute Toxicity – Oral (Category 4)
- Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated Exposure (Category 2, liver and kidneys)
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL (as soluble molybdenum): 5 mg/m³
- ACGIH TLV: 0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction, TWA)
Reactivity:
- Stable under normal lab conditions
- Incompatible with strong reducing agents

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions:
- Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place
- Avoid exposure to heat and moisture
Incompatible Materials:
- Strong acids and reducing agents (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, hydrides)
Container Type:
- Plastic or amber glass jars
Shelf Life & Expiration Date:
- ~2–3 years when stored dry
Special Handling Requirements:
- Use gloves and eye protection
- Avoid dust inhalation; handle in fume hood if necessary

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes (Lab-grade use)

Regulatory Status:
- Listed under TSCA and REACH
- Considered hazardous under some local regulations due to heavy metal content
Transportation Restrictions:
- Not classified as hazardous for transport in standard lab quantities
Waste Disposal Method:
- Collect for heavy metal waste disposal
- Do not dispose in sinks or drains

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity:
- Harmful to aquatic organisms in large quantities
Persistence in Environment:
- Molybdenum compounds are persistent and bioaccumulative
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
- Not classified as carcinogenic
Biodegradability:
- Inorganic; not biodegradable, accumulates in soil and water

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Wear a lab coat, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), and safety goggles.
- Use a fume hood or ensure adequate ventilation—avoid inhalation of dust.
Handling:
- Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye contact.
- Handle in a manner that minimizes dust formation.
- Keep away from acids (may release toxic molybdenum oxides) and reducing agents.
Storage:
- Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
- Protect from moisture—compound may degrade upon prolonged exposure.
- Keep away from incompatible materials like strong acids and oxidizers.
Hygiene Measures:
- Wash hands thoroughly after use.
- Clean work surfaces after handling.
- Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling the chemical.

FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation:
- Move person to fresh air.
- If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
- Seek medical attention if symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath develop.
Skin Contact:
- Remove contaminated clothing.
- Wash affected skin with plenty of soap and water.
- Get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
- Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
- Hold eyelids apart and remove contact lenses if present.
- Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
- Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water.
- Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
- Give water to dilute (if the person is fully conscious).
- Seek medical attention immediately—molybdenum salts may cause gastrointestinal irritation and systemic effects.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
- Use dry chemical, CO₂, foam, or water spray depending on surrounding fire conditions.
Specific Hazards:
- Ammonium molybdate is non-combustible, but heating may cause decomposition, releasing:
  - Ammonia
  - Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ)
  - Molybdenum oxides (MoO₃) — which are toxic.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
- Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Firefighting Instructions:
- Avoid inhalation of fumes or decomposition products.
- Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers.
- Prevent runoff from contaminating drains—toxic to aquatic life in large quantities.