Ammonium Sulphate Extra Pure

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SHORT DESCRIPTION

Ammonium Sulphate Extra Pure is a high-purity, white crystalline compound widely used in laboratory settings for biochemical, analytical, and inorganic chemistry applications. It is especially renowned for its role in protein purification through salting-out techniques, where it helps to selectively precipitate proteins without denaturing them. In analytical chemistry, it is used as a source of ammonium and sulfate ions in standard solution preparation and as a supporting electrolyte in various reactions. Its extra pure grade guarantees minimal contaminants, making it suitable for sensitive experiments and research involving enzymes, buffers, and molecular biology. It should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry environment to prevent caking and moisture absorption.

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Category: LABORATORY CHEMICALS Tags: AmmoniumSalt, AnalyticalReagent, BiochemicalReagent, BufferComponent, EnzymeStabilizer, HighPuritySulphate, ProteinPurification, SaltingOutAgent

Description

USES

Primary Uses

Protein Precipitation via “Salting Out”
- Most common lab use — exploits decreased protein solubility at high ionic strength, allowing selective protein fractionation and purification.
Buffering Agent and Ionic Strength Modifier
- Used in enzyme and protein assays to stabilize biomolecules and control ionic conditions.
Reagent in Qualitative Inorganic Analysis
- Supplies NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions for cation group analysis, and for preparing double salts and testing precipitation reactions.
Nutrient Source in Microbiological Media
- Provides a readily available nitrogen source in defined media for bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Demonstration of Salt Solubility and Ionic Behavior
- Ideal for student experiments exploring colligative properties, pH effects, or crystal formation.

Secondary Uses

Crystallization of Macromolecules (e.g., X-ray Crystallography)
- Used to grow crystals of proteins or enzymes by gradually increasing salt concentration to induce nucleation.
Simulated Soil Chemistry and Nutrient Transport
- Applied in environmental and agricultural lab studies to model nitrogen availability and leaching behavior.
Component in Sample Preservation and Storage Buffers
- Stabilizes proteins or enzymes by reducing water activity and microbial growth during long-term storage.
Teaching Reagent in Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Studies
- Suitable for lab demonstrations of entropy-driven precipitation and common ion effect.
Salt Bridge or Electrolyte in Electrochemical Cells
- Occasionally used in galvanic cell experiments to maintain ionic contact between half-cells.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

KEY ATTRIBUTES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name: Ammonium Sulphate
CAS Number: 7783-20-2
HS Code: 31022100 (Ammonium sulphate)
Molecular Formula: (NH₄)₂SO₄
Synonyms:
- Diammonium sulfate
- Sulfuric acid diammonium salt
- Mascagnite (natural mineral form)
- Ammonium sulfate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Solid (crystalline powder or granules)
Color & Odor: White crystals; odorless
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Melting Point: ~235–280 °C (decomposes)
Density/Specific Gravity: ~1.77 g/cm³
Solubility:
- Water: Highly soluble (~75.4 g/100 mL at 20 °C)
- Alcohol: Insoluble
pH Level: ~5.0–6.0 (in 5% aqueous solution; mildly acidic)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Not flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Viscosity: Not applicable

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS):
- Not classified as hazardous under GHS
- May cause mild eye or respiratory irritation if dust is inhaled
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- No specific OSHA/ACGIH limits; general dust limits apply
Reactivity:
- Stable under normal conditions
- Incompatible with strong bases and oxidizing agents

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
- Keep container tightly closed to prevent moisture uptake
Incompatible Materials:
- Strong oxidizers, alkalis, nitrates
Container Type:
- Plastic or glass containers with airtight seals
Shelf Life & Expiration Date:
- ~3–5 years in dry, sealed storage
Special Handling Requirements:
- Use gloves, lab coat, goggles
- Minimize dust generation; handle in ventilated space if large amounts used

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- Listed in TSCA, REACH
- Also used in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural grades (not lab-specific)
Hazard Symbols (GHS Pictograms):
- None required for laboratory-grade use
Transportation Restrictions:
- Not classified as hazardous material for transport
Waste Disposal Method:
- Dilute and dispose of via laboratory wastewater system
- Avoid large-scale disposal into aquatic environments

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity:
- Can contribute to eutrophication in aquatic environments
Persistence in Environment:
- Dissociates to ammonium and sulfate ions; may alter soil and water chemistry
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
- Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Biodegradability:
- Inorganic; not biodegradable but naturally occurring and assimilable

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Wear lab coat, safety goggles, and chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile).
- Use in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid dust inhalation.
Handling:
- Handle with care to avoid forming dust.
- Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin or eyes.
- Do not mix with strong alkalis or oxidizing agents.
Storage:
- Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
- Protect from moisture—the salt is hygroscopic.
- Keep away from acids and incompatible substances.
Hygiene Measures:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the lab.
- Clean all equipment and surfaces after use.

FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation:
- Move to fresh air immediately.
- If symptoms like coughing or breathing difficulty occur, seek medical attention.
- Use oxygen if necessary.
Skin Contact:
- Wash skin with plenty of water and soap.
- Remove contaminated clothing.
- Seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
- Flush eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
- Hold eyelids apart to ensure thorough rinsing.
- Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
- Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
- Do not induce vomiting.
- If conscious, give water to dilute.
- Seek medical attention if large amounts are swallowed.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
- Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), foam, or water spray, depending on the surroundings.
Specific Hazards:
- Not flammable, but may decompose at high temperatures to release:
  - Ammonia
  - Sulfur oxides (SOₓ)
  - Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ)
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
- Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Firefighting Instructions:
- Cool exposed containers with water spray.
- Avoid inhalation of thermal decomposition products.
- Contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination—may be harmful to aquatic life in high concentrations.