Hoffman Voltameter
Hoffman Voltameter is a specialized laboratory apparatus used to demonstrate and measure the electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. It consists of a central reservoir connected to two vertical graduated gas-collection tubes (electrodes) and is typically made from borosilicate glass for chemical resistance and clarity. Platinum or carbon electrodes are used at the base of each tube to conduct electric current. This apparatus is widely used in chemistry and physics education to visually demonstrate the principles of electrolysis, electrochemical reactions, gas laws, and stoichiometry.
Uses
Primary Uses
Electrochemical and Educational Applications
- Demonstrating the electrolysis of water in teaching environments.
- Measuring the volumetric ratio of hydrogen to oxygen (2:1) produced during electrolysis.
- Studying redox reactions and electrochemical cell behavior.
- Visualizing decomposition reactions and gas evolution in real time.
- Explaining Faraday’s laws of electrolysis and conservation of mass.
Secondary Uses
Research and Analytical Chemistry
- Analyzing the purity of water or electrolyte solutions based on gas output.
- Used in historical and comparative studies of electrochemical apparatus design.
- Supporting experiments related to stoichiometry and reaction efficiency.
- Calibration and validation of electrolytic systems in academic laboratories.
Basic Identification Attributes
- Material: Borosilicate glass body with platinum or carbon electrodes
- Design: Two graduated gas collection tubes and central electrolyte reservoir
- Components: Electrodes, stopcocks, collection tubes, supporting base
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Chemically resistant to acids and electrolytes
- High thermal and electrical insulation properties
- Transparent for easy observation of gas generation
Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Fragile glass components; must be handled carefully
- Electrolytic process produces flammable hydrogen gas—requires ventilation
- Risk of mild electric shock if mishandled during operation
Storage & Handling Attributes
- Store upright in a padded container to avoid breakage
- Rinse and dry completely after use to prevent corrosion or contamination
- Handle with care, especially during setup and disassembly
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Compliant with educational laboratory standards
- Suitable for use in classrooms, colleges, and controlled laboratory environments
Environmental & Health Impact
- Reusable and long-lasting; no significant environmental footprint
- Produces hydrogen and oxygen gas with no toxic by-products
Safety Handling Precautions
- Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid gas buildup
- Wear protective gloves and goggles when operating
- Disconnect power before handling or cleaning
First Aid Measures
- For minor electric shock, disconnect power and seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- In case of glass breakage, treat cuts and dispose of shards safely
Firefighting Measures
- The apparatus itself is non-flammable
- Hydrogen gas produced is flammable; use CO₂ or foam extinguishers for surrounding fires
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