Disperse Black

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Disperse Black is a synthetic dye belonging to the class of disperse dyes, primarily used for dyeing hydrophobic fibers such as polyester, nylon, acetate, and other synthetic textiles. It is characterized by its fine particle size, high tinctorial strength, excellent fastness properties (wash, light, and rubbing), and ability to produce deep, uniform black shades. Disperse Black dyes are water-insoluble and applied in aqueous dispersion form during high-temperature dyeing processes. These dyes are favored in the textile industry for their vibrant colors and durability.

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Categories: Colorants (Pigments, Dyes), Dyes and Pigments, Pigments Tags: Disperse Black, Disperse dye, Dye manufacturing, Fabric and garment production, Water dispersible dye

Description

Table of Contents

Disperse Black

Primary Uses

Textile Industry

Used extensively for dyeing polyester fibers, which constitute a large segment of synthetic textiles.
Employed in dyeing nylon, acetate, and blends containing synthetic fibers.
Provides deep, rich black shades with excellent colorfastness properties, ideal for garments, upholstery, and technical textiles.
Utilized in high-temperature and carrier dyeing processes, allowing uniform penetration and dye uptake.
Applied in batch dyeing, continuous dyeing, and jet dyeing methods.
Used for printing applications on synthetic fabrics when incorporated into disperse dye inks.Technical & Industrial Textiles

Used for dyeing fabrics in automotive textiles, industrial filters, and outdoor fabrics that require color durability and resistance to environmental conditions.
Suitable for high-performance textiles needing resistance to washing, light exposure, and abrasion.

Secondary Uses

Ink Manufacturing

Incorporated into disperse dye inks for textile printing and specialized industrial printing applications.Research & Development

Used as a model dye for testing dyeing methods, colorfastness evaluations, and textile finishing processes.Polymer & Plastic Coloring

Occasionally used to color synthetic polymers and plastics where deep black coloration is required, although less common than in textile dyeing.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name: Typically a proprietary mixture of disperse azo and anthraquinone dyes designed to yield black color
Common/Trade Name: Disperse Black
CAS Number: Varies based on specific dye composition (common disperse blacks include CAS numbers like 12225-21-7 for Disperse Black 9)
HS Code: 3204.19.00
Molecular Formula: Varies by specific dye components (commonly azo, anthraquinone derivatives)
Synonyms:
- Disperse Black dye
- Synthetic disperse dye black

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Fine powder or granules
Color: Deep black
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Insoluble in water; dispersible in aqueous medium with surfactants or dispersing agents
Particle Size: Typically nano- to micron-scale for optimal dispersion
Stability: Stable under normal storage; sensitive to strong acids and bases
Fastness Properties: High resistance to washing, light, perspiration, and rubbing

Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): May be classified as hazardous depending on composition; potential skin sensitizer or irritant
Toxicity: Low to moderate; some disperse dyes may cause allergic reactions or sensitization
Exposure Limits: Follow occupational exposure limits for dyes and powders

Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture
Container Type: Sealed bags or drums, often polyethylene-lined to prevent moisture ingress
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE to prevent inhalation and skin/eye contact

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Compliance with textile and consumer safety regulations (OEKO-TEX, REACH, etc.) depends on dye purity and formulation
Restricted use in some regions due to potential allergenic or environmental impact; verify specific dye regulatory status

Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Some disperse dyes may have moderate aquatic toxicity; proper wastewater treatment essential
Persistence: Variable; some components may be persistent in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Generally low potential
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Some disperse dyes have been studied for carcinogenicity, but Disperse Black dyes commonly used have limited evidence; handling precautions recommended

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:

Dust mask or respirator (to avoid inhalation of dye powders)
Safety goggles
Gloves (nitrile or latex)
Protective clothing or apron

Handling Guidelines:

Use in well-ventilated areas or with dust extraction systems
Avoid generating dust clouds during transfer or mixing
Prevent contact with skin and eyes
Follow good industrial hygiene practices

Storage Measures:

Keep containers tightly closed
Store away from moisture and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers or acids
Avoid exposure to high humidity and temperature fluctuations

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the handling area
Maintain cleanliness to prevent contamination

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation or sensitization develops
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult physician if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice immediately

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; powder form may pose dust explosion hazard under specific conditions
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate for surrounding fire
Special Precautions: Avoid dust clouds; use protective equipment for firefighters

Decomposition Products: May release toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon monoxide upon combustion