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Fehling Solution 1 and 2 Extra Pure
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SHORT DESCRIPTION
Fehling Solution 1 and 2 Extra Pure are essential reagents in classical laboratory chemistry, particularly used for the qualitative detection of reducing sugars such as glucose.
- Fehling Solution 1 contains copper(II) sulfate, while
- Fehling Solution 2 contains an alkaline potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt) solution.
When mixed in equal parts just before use, they form a deep blue complex that, upon heating with a reducing sugar, yields a brick-red precipitate of cuprous oxide, confirming the presence of aldehyde groups.
These solutions are highly valuable in educational labs, food testing, and biochemical experiments. Store them separately in cool, dry conditions, and always mix fresh for accurate results.
Description
USES
Primary Laboratory Uses:
- Detection of reducing sugars:
Widely used in qualitative analysis to test for the presence of aldehyde functional groups, especially in reducing sugars like glucose. - Differentiation between aldehydes and ketones:
Reacts with aldehydes to form a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, while ketones generally do not react. - Educational experiments in redox chemistry:
Demonstrates redox reactions and the principle of oxidation-reduction using visible color change.
Secondary Laboratory Uses:
- Identification of carbohydrate content in unknown samples:
Used to confirm the presence of reducing sugars in plant extracts, juices, or hydrolyzed polysaccharides. - Routine qualitative analysis in food chemistry labs:
Applied in basic food testing kits and protocols to check sugar levels in various food products. - Historical method reference in pharmaceutical analysis:
Though mostly replaced by modern techniques, still referenced in classic pharmaceutical and biochemical protocols.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
KEY ATTRIBUTES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name: Fehling Solution (Part I & II)
- Components:
- Fehling’s Solution I: Aqueous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) solution
- Fehling’s Solution II: Alkaline sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle salt) in sodium hydroxide solution
- Grade: Extra Pure (Laboratory Reagent Grade)
- Appearance:
- Solution I: Clear blue solution
- Solution II: Colorless or pale solution
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Fehling’s Solution I:
- Copper(II) sulfate concentration: Typically ~0.5 M
- Fehling’s Solution II:
- Sodium potassium tartrate: Chelates the copper ions
- Sodium hydroxide concentration: ~1.5 M
- When mixed (equal volumes of I & II): Deep blue complex due to formation of a copper-tartrate complex
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Skin irritation (Category 2)
- Eye irritation (Category 2A)
- Harmful to aquatic life
- Hazard Statements:
- H315: Causes skin irritation
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
- H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
- PPE Requirements:
- Gloves (nitrile recommended)
- Protective goggles
- Lab coat
- Use in well-ventilated area or fume hood
- First Aid Measures:
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Flush with water for several minutes
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek medical attention
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store in tightly closed containers
- Protect from light and heat
- Store components separately until ready for use
- Handling Notes:
- Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing
- Mix just before use to ensure activity
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Component CAS Numbers:
- Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate: 7758-99-8
- Sodium potassium tartrate: 6381-59-5
- Sodium hydroxide: 1310-73-2
- EC Numbers:
- CuSO₄·5H₂O: 231-847-6
- Hazard Class (mixed): 8 (Corrosive)
- UN Numbers (if shipped mixed): UN 3264
6. Laboratory Applications
- Primary Uses:
- Qualitative test for reducing sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, maltose)
- Used in school and biochemical labs for carbohydrate analysis
- Secondary Uses:
- Demonstrations in redox chemistry
- Educational reagent in classical qualitative analysis
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
SAFETY MEASURES
SAFETY & HANDLING
- Corrosive – due to NaOH in Solution 2
- Toxic to aquatic life – due to copper sulfate
- Use gloves, goggles, and lab coat
- Storage:
- Store separately in tightly closed bottles
- Keep in a cool, dry place away from light and incompatible substances
FIRST AID MEASURES
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air, seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Skin/Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting—seek urgent medical care
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