Nitro Cellulose (NC)
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Product Description
Nitro Cellulose (NC) is a highly flammable compound produced by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It is a versatile material widely used in coatings, lacquers, explosives, and propellants due to its film-forming properties and rapid drying capability. Nitro Cellulose is available in various grades depending on the nitrogen content and viscosity, making it suitable for industrial, commercial, and military applications.
Categories: Additives, Binders/Resins, Fillers and Reinforcements
Tags: Cellulose Nitrate, Fast Drying, NC, Nitro Cellulose, Paints & Coatings
Description
Table of Contents
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Uses
Primary UsesÂ
- Coatings and Lacquers
- Used extensively in wood finishes, automotive coatings, and nail polishes for its quick drying and glossy finish properties.
- Serves as a binder in paints and varnishes.
- Explosives and Propellants
- Key ingredient in smokeless gunpowder and other propellants due to its high energy release and clean combustion.
- Used in military ammunition and pyrotechnics.
- Printing Inks
- Used as a binder in flexographic and gravure printing inks.
- Provides excellent adhesion and gloss to printed materials.
- Adhesives and Films
- Utilized in adhesive formulations for packaging and lamination.
- Forms thin, flexible films in photographic and industrial applications.
Secondary Uses
- Cosmetics
- Used in nail polish and hair sprays as a film-forming agent.
- Leather Finishing
- Provides protective coatings on leather goods.
- Textile Finishing
- Applied as a sizing agent or finish to improve fabric strength and sheen.
- Specialty Applications
- Used in the manufacture of cellulose-based plastics and lacquers for musical instruments and toys.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
Key Attributes
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Cellulose nitrate
- Common/Trade Name: Nitro Cellulose, Gun Cotton
- CAS Number: 9004-70-0
- HS Code: 3912.10.00
- Synonyms: Pyroxylin, guncotton
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White to pale yellow fibrous or granular solid
- Odor: Mild acidic odor
- Nitrogen Content: Typically 11-13% (varies by grade)
- Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ether, ethanol; insoluble in water
- Density: Approx. 1.6 g/cm³
- Flammability: Highly flammable and explosive under certain conditions
Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable solids (Category 1), Explosive (varies by grade)
- Toxicity: Moderate; dust inhalation can cause irritation
- Exposure Limits: Use in controlled environments to limit dust and vapors
Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames
- Container Type: Supplied in sealed, non-metallic containers or drums
- Shelf Life: Typically 1–2 years under proper storage
- Handling Precautions: Avoid friction, impact, static discharge; use explosion-proof equipment
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with military and industrial standards for explosives and coatings
- Subject to strict transport regulations due to explosive potential
- Registered under relevant chemical safety and explosives control laws
Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Partially biodegradable under environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental risk when handled properly
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Flame-resistant clothing, gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection if dusty
- Handling Guidelines: Use grounding and bonding to prevent static; avoid open flames
- Storage Measures: Segregate from incompatible materials such as acids and reducing agents
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical help if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice promptly
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Highly flammable and explosive under heat or friction
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray or fog; do not use dry chemical extinguishers on large fires
- Special Precautions: Evacuate area; wear full protective and respiratory equipment
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases
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