Perchloroethylene

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Product Description

Perchloroethylene (also known as tetrachloroethylene or PCE) is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet odor, widely used as a solvent in dry cleaning and industrial degreasing. It has excellent solvent power for organic materials, is non-flammable, and chemically stable under normal conditions. Perchloroethylene is valued for its efficiency in removing oils, greases, and waxes from fabrics and metals, and serves as a key chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.

Description

Uses

Primary Uses

  1. Dry Cleaning Solvent
    • The primary solvent used in commercial dry cleaning for removing oils, stains, and dirt from textiles without damaging the fabric.
    • Provides effective cleaning with minimal fabric shrinkage or color loss.
  2. Industrial Degreasing
    • Used to clean metal parts, machinery components, and electronic equipment by dissolving grease, oils, and wax residues.
    • Suitable for vapor degreasing and cold cleaning processes.
  3. Chemical Intermediate
    • Employed as a raw material in the manufacture of fluorocarbons and other chemical products.
  4. Extraction Solvent
    • Used in laboratories and industrial processes to extract organic compounds from mixtures.

Secondary Uses 

  1. Adhesive and Coatings Manufacturing
    • Utilized as a solvent in adhesive formulations and specialty coatings.
  2. Textile and Leather Processing
    • Applied in cleaning and finishing processes for textiles and leather goods.
  3. Pesticide Formulations
    • Acts as a solvent carrier in certain pesticide products.
  4. Electronics Industry
    • Used for cleaning delicate electronic components during manufacturing.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

Key Attributes

Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): Tetrachloroethylene
  • Common/Trade Name: Perchloroethylene, PCE, Tetrachloroethene
  • CAS Number: 127-18-4
  • HS Code: 2903.39.00
  • Synonyms: Perc, Dry cleaning solvent, Tetrachloroethene

Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
  • Color & Odor: Odorless to sweet aromatic odor
  • Boiling Point: 121°C
  • Melting Point: -22.8°C
  • Density: 1.62 g/cm³ at 20°C
  • Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
  • Vapor Pressure: 18.3 kPa at 25°C

Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • GHS Classification: Hazardous (Carcinogenic, harmful if inhaled or swallowed, causes skin and eye irritation)
  • Toxicity: Moderate to high toxicity; potential carcinogen (IARC Group 2A)
  • Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL - 100 ppm (8-hour TWA)

Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources
  • Container Type: Supplied in sealed metal drums or chemical-grade containers
  • Shelf Life: Stable for several years if stored properly
  • Handling Precautions: Use personal protective equipment; avoid inhalation and prolonged skin contact

 

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • Complies with EPA, OSHA, and REACH regulations
  • Listed under various chemical inventories and reporting requirements
  • Subject to strict environmental discharge and workplace exposure limits

 

Environmental & Health Impact

  • Biodegradability: Poorly biodegradable; persistent in environment
  • Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life; avoid release into waterways
  • Bioaccumulation: Potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms
  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Classified as a probable human carcinogen (IARC Group 2A)
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

  • PPE Required: Respirators, gloves, chemical goggles, and protective clothing
  • Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods; avoid skin and eye contact
  • Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; prevent vapor release

 

First Aid Measures

  1. Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if breathing difficulty occurs
  2. Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
  3. Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
  4. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical help

 

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but decomposes to produce toxic gases under fire conditions
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
  • Special Precautions: Firefighters must wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

Hazardous Combustion Products: Phosgene, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases