Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, crystalline inorganic chemical commonly used as a leavening agent and emulsifier in the food industry. It functions by releasing carbon dioxide when reacted with baking soda, helping doughs and batters to rise. SAPP is also utilized for its ability to chelate metal ions and improve the texture and appearance of processed foods. It meets food-grade standards and is valued for its consistent performance and stability.
Primary Uses
Food Industry
Acts as a leavening acid in baking powders, working with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas that causes dough to rise.
Used in processed seafood and meats to improve texture and moisture retention.
Functions as a sequestrant to prevent discoloration and oxidation in canned foods and processed cheese.
Beverage Industry
Employed in soft drink formulations as an acidulant to control pH and improve flavor stability.
Secondary Uses
Pharmaceuticals
Used as a buffering agent in some medicinal formulations.
Water Treatment
Applied as a scale inhibitor and dispersant in industrial water treatment processes.
Cosmetics
Occasionally used as a pH adjuster and chelating agent in personal care products.
Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Common/Trade Name: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)
CAS Number: 7758-16-9
HS Code: 2835.29
Synonyms: Sodium acid pyrophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: White crystalline powder
Color & Odor: White; odorless
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH (1% solution): Approx. 4.5 - 6.5
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for food use
Toxicity: Low; safe at approved usage levels
Exposure Limits: Follow food safety regulations
Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place in sealed containers away from moisture
Container Type: Bags or drums, food-grade packaging
Shelf Life: Typically 2 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation; use protective masks if handling large quantities
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Approved by FDA, EFSA, and other international food safety authorities for direct food use
Complies with food additive standards (e.g., FCC)
Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms
Bioaccumulation: Not significant
PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, and eye protection recommended
Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation of dust
Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and stored in a dry environment
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for 15 minutes; get medical attention if necessary
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if large quantities ingested
Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚ for surrounding fires
Special Precautions: Wear protective equipment if handling large amounts during fire
Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce toxic phosphorus oxides on decomposition