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Toluene Diisocyanate
Toluene Diisocyanate is a highly reactive chemical compound primarily used as a key raw material in the production of polyurethane foams. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor and is valued for its ability to react with polyols to form flexible and rigid polyurethane products. TDI’s versatility makes it indispensable in industries like furniture, automotive, insulation, and coatings.
Toluene Diisocyanate
Primary Uses
- Polyurethane Industry
- Flexible Foam Production: Used extensively to manufacture flexible polyurethane foams for furniture, mattresses, automotive seating, and packaging.
- Rigid Foam Production: Applied in producing rigid polyurethane foams used for insulation panels and structural components.
- Elastomers & Coatings: Raw material for polyurethane elastomers, adhesives, sealants, and coatings with excellent durability and abrasion resistance.
- Chemical Manufacturing
- Polymer Synthesis: Essential intermediate in producing polyurethane polymers and resins.
Secondary Uses
- Sealants and Adhesives
- Specialty Adhesives: Used in manufacturing high-performance adhesives for industrial applications.
- Textile Industry
- Coatings & Binders: Applied as a binder or coating agent in technical textiles and synthetic leather.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (major), 2,6-Toluene diisocyanate (minor)
- Common/Trade Name: TDI
- CAS Number: 26471-62-5 (mixture of isomers)
- HS Code: 2916.32.00
- Synonyms: Tolylene diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
- Color & Odor: Pungent, sharp odor
- Boiling Point: Approx. 127 °C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (hydrolyzes); soluble in organic solvents
- Density: Approx. 1.21 g/cm³
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Toxic, irritant, respiratory sensitizer
- Toxicity: High toxicity by inhalation and skin contact; potential to cause occupational asthma
- Exposure Limits: Strict occupational exposure limits established (e.g., OSHA PEL: 0.02 ppm)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture and heat
- Container Type: Steel drums or specialized chemical containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 6–12 months under proper conditions
- Handling Precautions: Use full PPE; avoid inhalation and skin contact; ensure adequate ventilation and use closed systems
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulated under OSHA, REACH, EPA, and other international chemical safety standards
- Classified as hazardous substance with strict handling and transport regulations
- Complies with UN classification for dangerous goods
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Does not readily biodegrade; hydrolyzes in water to less harmful products
- Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Full protective clothing, gloves, respirators, and eye protection mandatory
- Handling Guidelines: Use in closed systems with proper ventilation; emergency showers and eyewash stations recommended
- Storage Measures: Keep away from moisture and incompatible substances such as alcohols and amines
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek urgent medical attention; watch for delayed respiratory effects
- Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical help
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek immediate medical attention
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek emergency medical care
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible liquid; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air
- Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers; avoid water jets
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and toxic isocyanate vapors
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