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Carbon Black
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Carbon Black is a fine black powder composed of elemental carbon in the form of near-spherical colloidal particles and coalesced particle aggregates. It is produced through the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons such as oil or natural gas. Depending on the manufacturing process (e.g., furnace black, channel black, thermal black, or acetylene black), it exhibits varying particle sizes, surface areas, and structures. Carbon Black is valued for its pigmenting, reinforcing, conductive, and UV-protective properties. It is widely used in rubber production, plastics, inks, coatings, batteries, and electronics. Its high surface area and fine particle size make it indispensable in applications requiring durability, color depth, or conductivity.
Description
Carbon Black Uses
- Primary UsesÂ
Rubber & Tire Industry
- Used as a reinforcing filler in the manufacture of tires, conveyor belts, hoses, and other rubber products.
- Enhances tensile strength, wear resistance, and abrasion resistance in rubber compounds.
- Commonly found in automotive tires (sidewalls, treads, and inner linings) for UV protection and durability.
Plastics & Polymers
- Acts as a black pigment and UV stabilizer in polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC applications.
- Provides conductivity or antistatic properties in conductive plastics.
- Used in geomembranes, pipes, containers, and wire insulation for longevity and weather resistance.
Paints, Coatings & Inks
- Serves as a deep black pigment in industrial and automotive coatings.
- Used in inks (printing inks, toner cartridges) for rich black color and coverage.
- Improves scratch resistance and conductivity in specialized coatings.
Electrical & Electronics
- Applied as a conductive agent in batteries (especially lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries).
- Used in conductive composites and EMI shielding applications.
- Functions as a performance enhancer in capacitors, resistors, and semiconductors.
Secondary UsesÂ
Metallurgy
- Used as a reducing agent in metal extraction and smelting processes.
Pigments in Ceramics & Glass
- Acts as a colorant in decorative ceramics, enamels, and black glass.
Photovoltaics
- Investigated in solar cell technologies as a cost-effective light-absorbing material.
Toner & Office Supplies
- Integral in laser printer toner formulations for precise black print quality.
Art Supplies
- Utilized in artists’ charcoal, black pastels, and pigments for rich, deep black tones.
Explosives & Pyrotechnics
- Functions as a fuel in pyrotechnic formulations to enhance burn characteristics
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Carbon
- Common/Trade Name: Carbon Black
- CAS Number: 1333-86-4
- HS Code: 2803.00.00
- Molecular Formula: C
- Synonyms:
- Furnace black
- Channel black
- Thermal black
- Acetylene black
- Lampblack
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Fine powder
- Color & Odor: Deep black; odorless
- Particle Size (Primary): 10–500 nm (aggregated into larger structures)
- Surface Area (BET): 20–1500 m²/g (depending on grade)
- Density: ~1.8–2.1 g/cm³ (true density)
- Bulk Density: 0.1–0.5 g/cm³ (loose form)
- Solubility:
- Insoluble in water and organic solvents
- Dispersible in some polymer systems
- Conductivity: Varies by type; can be electrically conductive
- pH (aqueous dispersion): ~6–9
- Volatile Content: Typically < 5%
- Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous in bulk form; dust inhalation may pose health risk
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 3.5 mg/m³ (TWA)
- ACGIH TLV: 3.0 mg/m³ (inhalable)
- Toxicity:
- Chronic inhalation may lead to lung effects (e.g., inflammation, fibrosis)
- Classified by IARC as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans via inhalation)
- Reactivity: Stable; fine dust may be combustible in air
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources
- Container Type: Fiber drums, polyethylene-lined bags, bulk containers
- Shelf Life: Indefinite under proper storage conditions
- Special Handling: Avoid generation of airborne dust; use appropriate grounding to prevent static discharge
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Some grades are approved for indirect food contact applications (21 CFR 178.3297)
- REACH Status: Registered under REACH
- IARC Classification: Group 2B (possible human carcinogen via inhalation)
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport (DOT, IATA, IMDG)
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental regulations; non-hazardous solid waste
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low water solubility limits bioavailability; not highly toxic to aquatic life
- Persistence: Does not degrade; remains in environment
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: IARC 2B (possible carcinogen via inhalation of fine airborne particles)
Biodegradability: Not biodegradable; inert in natural conditions
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Dust mask or respirator (NIOSH-approved)
- Protective goggles
- Gloves and protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Minimize dust formation; use local exhaust ventilation
- Ground containers to prevent static electricity
- Do not breathe dust; avoid skin or eye contact
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Store in cool, dry place
- Protect from heat, sparks, and open flames
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash thoroughly after handling
- Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work area
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms occur
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical attention for irritation
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Dust may form explosive mixtures with air
- Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚)
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
- Decomposition Products: CO, COâ‚‚, fine soot
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