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Basic Chrome
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Basic Chrome Sulfate, commonly referred to as Basic Chrome, is a chromium-based chemical compound primarily used in the leather tanning industry. It appears as a greenish crystalline powder and contains chromium(III) sulfate complexed with basic chromium salts. Basic Chrome is favored for its ability to produce soft, flexible, and durable leather by crosslinking collagen fibers. It is the most widely used tanning agent worldwide due to its effectiveness and cost-efficiency. Besides tanning, Basic Chrome finds applications in other industries like pigments and catalysts.
Description
Primary Uses
Leather Tanning
- Acts as the principal chromium tanning agent to convert raw hides into leather.
- Imparts softness, durability, and water resistance to leather products.
- Enhances leather’s resistance to heat and microbial degradation.
Pigment Industry
- Used in the manufacture of chrome green pigments for paints, inks, and coatings.
Catalyst Applications
- Employed in certain chemical processes as a catalyst or catalyst precursor.
Secondary Uses
- Used in textile dyeing and printing as a mordant to fix dyes.
- In wastewater treatment, chromium compounds derived from Basic Chrome can be used in coagulation processes.
- Research applications in materials science involving chromium complexes.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Chromium(III) sulfate basic salt (approximate)
- Common/Trade Names: Basic Chrome, Basic Chrome Sulfate, Basic Chromium Sulfate
- CAS Number: 141-47-7 (approximate, may vary by exact formulation)
- HS Code: 3206.40.00
- Molecular Formula: Variable; commonly represented as Cr₂(OH)₃SO₄·xH₂O
- Synonyms: Chromium sulfate basic, basic chromium sulfate, chromium(III) basic sulfate
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Greenish crystalline powder or granules
- Color & Odor: Green to bluish-green, odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes before melting, >300°C
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 2.5 – 2.9 g/cm³ (varies by hydration)
- Solubility: Soluble in water forming acidic solutions
- pH Level: Acidic to slightly acidic in aqueous solution (~3-5)
- Vapor Pressure: Negligible
- Flash Point: Non-flammable
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; may cause allergic skin reactions; suspected carcinogen (chromium III generally less toxic than chromium VI)
- NFPA Ratings: Health 2, Flammability 0, Reactivity 1
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL (Chromium compounds, insoluble): 0.5 mg/m³ (as Cr)
- Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; reacts with strong oxidizers and bases
- Toxicity: Chromium compounds can cause skin sensitization and respiratory issues
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances (e.g., strong bases, oxidizers)
- Container Type: Sealed, corrosion-resistant containers (plastic or coated metal)
- Shelf Life: Typically stable for several years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Avoid dust generation; use PPE including gloves, masks, and eye protection
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status: Regulated due to chromium content; chromium III is less restricted than chromium VI
- Transportation: Non-flammable solid, subject to hazardous material regulations depending on concentration and packaging
- Waste Disposal: Dispose of chromium-containing waste per local environmental regulations
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life; avoid release to waterways
- Persistence: Chromium III tends to bind strongly to soils and sediments; low mobility
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Chromium III compounds less carcinogenic than chromium VI, but chronic exposure should be minimized
- Biodegradability: Inorganic compound, not biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Wear gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to avoid skin and eye contact. Use dust masks or respirators if airborne dust is present.
- Handling: Avoid inhalation and prolonged skin exposure. Use local exhaust ventilation to control dust.
- Storage: Keep container tightly closed and store in a dry place away from incompatible substances.
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Do not eat or smoke in the handling area.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately. Seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur.
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Seek medical advice if irritation or allergic reaction develops.
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth and seek immediate medical assistance.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may decompose on heating releasing toxic chromium oxides.
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical powder, or CO₂.
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
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