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Nitro Cellulose

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Nitro Cellulose is a highly flammable compound produced by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It is a versatile material widely used in coatings, lacquers, explosives, and propellants due to its film-forming properties and rapid drying capability. Nitro Cellulose is available in various grades depending on the nitrogen content and viscosity, making it suitable for industrial, commercial, and military applications.

 

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Description

Nitro Cellulose

Primary Uses 

  1. Coatings and Lacquers
    • Used extensively in wood finishes, automotive coatings, and nail polishes for its quick drying and glossy finish properties.
    • Serves as a binder in paints and varnishes.
  2. Explosives and Propellants
    • Key ingredient in smokeless gunpowder and other propellants due to its high energy release and clean combustion.
    • Used in military ammunition and pyrotechnics.
  3. Printing Inks
    • Used as a binder in flexographic and gravure printing inks.
    • Provides excellent adhesion and gloss to printed materials.
  4. Adhesives and Films
    • Utilized in adhesive formulations for packaging and lamination.
    • Forms thin, flexible films in photographic and industrial applications.

Secondary Uses

  1. Cosmetics
    • Used in nail polish and hair sprays as a film-forming agent.
  2. Leather Finishing
    • Provides protective coatings on leather goods.
  3. Textile Finishing
    • Applied as a sizing agent or finish to improve fabric strength and sheen.
  4. Specialty Applications
    • Used in the manufacture of cellulose-based plastics and lacquers for musical instruments and toys.

 

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): Cellulose nitrate
  • Common/Trade Name: Nitro Cellulose, Gun Cotton
  • CAS Number: 9004-70-0
  • HS Code: 3912.10.00
  • Synonyms: Pyroxylin, guncotton

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: White to pale yellow fibrous or granular solid
  • Odor: Mild acidic odor
  • Nitrogen Content: Typically 11-13% (varies by grade)
  • Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ether, ethanol; insoluble in water
  • Density: Approx. 1.6 g/cm³
  • Flammability: Highly flammable and explosive under certain conditions

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • GHS Classification: Flammable solids (Category 1), Explosive (varies by grade)
  • Toxicity: Moderate; dust inhalation can cause irritation
  • Exposure Limits: Use in controlled environments to limit dust and vapors

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames
  • Container Type: Supplied in sealed, non-metallic containers or drums
  • Shelf Life: Typically 1–2 years under proper storage
  • Handling Precautions: Avoid friction, impact, static discharge; use explosion-proof equipment

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • Complies with military and industrial standards for explosives and coatings
  • Subject to strict transport regulations due to explosive potential
  • Registered under relevant chemical safety and explosives control laws

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Biodegradability: Partially biodegradable under environmental conditions
  • Ecotoxicity: Low environmental risk when handled properly
  • Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

  • PPE Required: Flame-resistant clothing, gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection if dusty
  • Handling Guidelines: Use grounding and bonding to prevent static; avoid open flames
  • Storage Measures: Segregate from incompatible materials such as acids and reducing agents

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist
  • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical help if irritation occurs
  • Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues
  • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice promptly

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Highly flammable and explosive under heat or friction
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray or fog; do not use dry chemical extinguishers on large fires
  • Special Precautions: Evacuate area; wear full protective and respiratory equipment
  • Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases

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