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N-Butanol
N-Butanol (1-butanol) is a four-carbon linear alcohol with the chemical formula C₄H₉OH. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. N-Butanol is widely used as a solvent in paints, coatings, adhesives, and chemical synthesis. It serves as an intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers, butyl acrylate, and other chemicals. Its moderate volatility and solvent properties make it valuable in industrial and commercial applications.
Primary Uses
- Solvent in Paints and Coatings
- Used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, alkyd, and cellulose acetate coatings to improve flow and drying characteristics.
- Enhances gloss and adhesion of paints and varnishes.
- Chemical Intermediate
- Utilized in the production of butyl acrylate, plasticizers, and glycol ethers.
- Serves as a raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
- Adhesives and Sealants
- Acts as a solvent in adhesive formulations for improved consistency and drying time.
- Cleaning Agent
- Employed in industrial cleaning formulations due to its solvency and low toxicity compared to other solvents.
Secondary Uses
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in small quantities as a solvent in perfumes and fragrances.
- Extractants
- Used in extraction processes in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
- Fuel Additive
- Occasionally used as a fuel additive or blending component in gasoline to improve combustion properties.
- Laboratory Solvent
- Used in chemical laboratories for reagent preparation and sample processing.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Butan-1-ol
- Common/Trade Name: N-Butanol, 1-Butanol
- CAS Number: 71-36-3
- HS Code: 2905.43.00
- Synonyms: n-Butyl alcohol; 1-Butanol
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless; mild alcoholic odor
- Boiling Point: 117.7°C
- Melting Point: -89.5°C
- Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
- Flash Point: 35°C (closed cup)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3)
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can cause irritation to skin and eyes
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL 100 ppm; ACGIH TLV 20 ppm (TWA)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition
- Container Type: Supplied in metal or plastic drums and containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 1 year if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use explosion-proof equipment; avoid inhalation and skin contact
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with REACH, OSHA, EPA, and other relevant chemical safety regulations
- Listed in major chemical inventories worldwide
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate aquatic toxicity; avoid release into waterways
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and flame-resistant clothing recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid ignition sources
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from oxidizers
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor
- Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective gear
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, aldehydes
Related products
Butyl Glycol
Butyl Glycol, also known as 2-Butoxyethanol, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild, sweet ether-like odor. It is an organic solvent classified as a glycol ether, with the molecular formula C6H14O2. Butyl Glycol is highly miscible with water, alcohols, and many organic solvents. It is widely used in industrial and commercial applications due to its excellent solvent properties, low volatility, and moderate toxicity. Its high solvency and compatibility with both aqueous and organic phases make it valuable in coatings, cleaning products, inks, and adhesives.
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is a volatile, flammable, and highly toxic organic solvent composed of carbon and sulfur. At 99% purity, it is a clear to pale yellow liquid with a pungent, sweet, ether-like odor. Carbon Disulfide is produced primarily by the reaction of carbon (charcoal) with sulfur vapors at high temperatures. Due to its excellent solvent properties and reactivity, it is used across multiple industries, including the production of rayon, cellophane, rubber chemicals, and pesticides. Despite its utility, Carbon Disulfide requires careful handling because of its toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards.
Engine Cleaner
Engine Cleaner (also known as Engine Degreaser) is a heavy-duty, solvent-based or aqueous-based chemical formulation designed to dissolve, emulsify, and remove stubborn petroleum-based contaminants from mechanical assemblies. Its primary function is to cut through and lift accumulated engine oil, grease, grime, carbon deposits, and road tar from internal combustion engines, machinery parts, and automotive components. Technical-grade engine cleaner is engineered for industrial, automotive repair, and fleet maintenance applications. It is not intended for use on active electronic components, certain plastics, or as a general-purpose household cleaner due to its potent chemical strength and potential corrosivity.
Ink reducer (Ethanol)
Ink reducer (Ethanol) is a volatile, colorless liquid used to adjust the viscosity, flow, and drying time of printing inks. Composed primarily of high-purity ethanol (ethyl alcohol), it acts as a solvent or diluent in various ink systems—particularly in flexographic, gravure, and screen printing. This reducer enhances printability by improving ink transfer, leveling, and penetration into substrates. Ink reducers based on ethanol are fast-drying and widely compatible with alcohol-soluble and water-alcohol hybrid inks used in packaging, label printing, and paper conversion industries.
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane), also known as methylene chloride, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. It is a chlorinated solvent widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and laboratory applications due to its excellent solvent properties, including high volatility, moderate polarity, and low boiling point (about 39.6°C). DCM is prized for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it ideal for extraction, paint stripping, degreasing, and chemical processing. However, due to health and environmental concerns, its use is regulated and controlled in many countries.
Pine Oil
Pine Oil is a powerful, aromatic essential oil obtained through the steam distillation of the needles, twigs, and cones of pine trees, primarily Pinus sylvestris or other Pinus species. It features a sharp, woody, and fresh scent with natural disinfectant and deodorizing properties. Rich in monoterpenes such as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, Pine Oil is widely utilized in cleaning products, disinfectants, air care, cosmetics, and industrial formulations. It is valued for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and degreasing capabilities, making it an effective multi-purpose ingredient across various sectors.
Toluene
Toluene is a clear, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon solvent with a distinct sweet odor. It is widely used as an industrial solvent and chemical feedstock due to its excellent solvency, volatility, and chemical stability. Toluene plays a critical role in the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, rubber, and various chemicals. It is also used as a fuel additive and in the manufacture of explosives and pharmaceuticals. Its versatility makes it a cornerstone in multiple industrial sectors.
Xylene
Xylene is a clear, colorless, flammable aromatic hydrocarbon solvent consisting of three isomers: ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene. It is widely utilized in various industries for its excellent solvency, chemical stability, and moderate evaporation rate. Xylene serves as a key raw material in chemical manufacturing and an effective solvent in coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning applications.
