Sulphadoxine
Sulphadoxine BP is a long-acting synthetic sulfonamide antibiotic used primarily in combination therapies for treating malaria and certain bacterial infections. Its prolonged half-life makes it suitable for single-dose treatments and prophylaxis. The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 98% grade ensures pharmaceutical-grade purity, making it suitable for incorporation into human and veterinary medicinal formulations.
Sulphadoxine
Primary Uses
- Human Medicine
- Antimalarial Agent: Primarily used in combination with pyrimethamine (as Fansidar) for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, especially Plasmodium falciparum infections.
- Antibacterial Agent: Occasionally used to treat bacterial infections susceptible to sulfonamides, particularly in tropical regions.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Antimicrobial Agent: Used in combination therapies for prevention and treatment of protozoal and bacterial infections in livestock.
Secondary Uses
- Research & Development
- Pharmaceutical Studies: Used in pharmacokinetic and formulation research for antimalarial and sulfonamide drugs.
- Drug Resistance Monitoring: Utilized in studies monitoring drug resistance patterns in malaria parasites.
- Public Health Programs
- Mass Drug Administration: Employed in malaria-endemic regions as part of public health interventions.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 4-Amino-N-(5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide
- Common/Trade Name: Sulphadoxine BP 98
- CAS Number: 2447-57-6
- HS Code: 2941.20.00
- Synonyms: Sulfadoxine, Sulphadoxine
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless to faint sulfur-like odor
- Melting Point: 190–194 °C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alkaline solutions and organic solvents
- Density: Approx. 1.5 g/cm³
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: May cause allergic skin reactions and serious hypersensitivity reactions
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; risk of severe adverse reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits; handle with care
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from light and moisture
- Container Type: Sealed HDPE or glass containers
- Shelf Life: 24 months under recommended storage conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE such as gloves and masks
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards
- Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
- Approved for use in antimalarial combination therapies by relevant regulatory authorities
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Limited biodegradability under aerobic conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Potentially toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, protective clothing, and dust masks recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; discontinue use if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth and seek medical advice promptly
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible solid
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides
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