Sulphadoxine

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Sulphadoxine BP is a long-acting synthetic sulfonamide antibiotic used primarily in combination therapies for treating malaria and certain bacterial infections. Its prolonged half-life makes it suitable for single-dose treatments and prophylaxis. The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 98% grade ensures pharmaceutical-grade purity, making it suitable for incorporation into human and veterinary medicinal formulations.

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Category: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Tags: Antimalarial Agent, Pharmaceutical industry, Sulfonamide Antibiotic, Sulphadoxine, Sulphadoxine BP, White to off-white powder

Description

Table of Contents

Sulphadoxine

Primary Uses

Human Medicine

Antimalarial Agent: Primarily used in combination with pyrimethamine (as Fansidar) for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, especially Plasmodium falciparum infections.
Antibacterial Agent: Occasionally used to treat bacterial infections susceptible to sulfonamides, particularly in tropical regions.

Veterinary Medicine

Antimicrobial Agent: Used in combination therapies for prevention and treatment of protozoal and bacterial infections in livestock.

Secondary Uses

Research & Development

Pharmaceutical Studies: Used in pharmacokinetic and formulation research for antimalarial and sulfonamide drugs.
Drug Resistance Monitoring: Utilized in studies monitoring drug resistance patterns in malaria parasites.

Public Health Programs

Mass Drug Administration: Employed in malaria-endemic regions as part of public health interventions.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): 4-Amino-N-(5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide
Common/Trade Name: Sulphadoxine BP 98
CAS Number: 2447-57-6
HS Code: 2941.20.00
Synonyms: Sulfadoxine, Sulphadoxine

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: White crystalline powder
Color & Odor: White; odorless to faint sulfur-like odor
Melting Point: 190–194 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alkaline solutions and organic solvents
Density: Approx. 1.5 g/cm³

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification: May cause allergic skin reactions and serious hypersensitivity reactions
Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; risk of severe adverse reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits; handle with care

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from light and moisture
Container Type: Sealed HDPE or glass containers
Shelf Life: 24 months under recommended storage conditions
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE such as gloves and masks

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards
Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
Approved for use in antimalarial combination therapies by relevant regulatory authorities

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Limited biodegradability under aerobic conditions
Ecotoxicity: Potentially toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
Bioaccumulation: Not significant

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Gloves, protective clothing, and dust masks recommended
Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation and skin contact
Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; discontinue use if irritation occurs
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth and seek medical advice promptly

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Combustible solid
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides