Alpha Arbutin
Alpha arbutin is a synthetic compound derived from the natural substance called hydroquinone. It is a skin-brightening agent and a type of skin lightening ingredient commonly used in cosmetic and skincare products. Alpha arbutin works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. By reducing melanin production, alpha arbutin helps to fade and prevent the formation of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone. It is considered a safer alternative to hydroquinone, as it exhibits similar skin-lightening effects with lower risks of potential side effects.
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al(OH)3. It is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize excess stomach acid, as well as a component in the manufacture of various products, such as ceramics, paper, and cosmetics. It is a white, powdery substance that is insoluble in water and has a low toxicity. When heated, it decomposes to produce aluminium oxide, or alumina, which is used in the production of aluminium metal.
Avobenzone
Avobenzone is a key organic compound widely used as a broad-spectrum UVA filter in sunscreens and cosmetic products. Its primary function is to absorb harmful UVA rays (320-400 nm), which are responsible for skin aging, wrinkles, and long-term DNA damage. Unlike UVB blockers, avobenzone specifically protects against deep-penetrating UVA radiation, making it an essential ingredient in many sun protection formulations. To ensure effectiveness, it is often combined with UVB filters like octinoxate for full-spectrum defense and stabilized with compounds like octocrylene or antioxidants to prevent photodegradation. Beyond sunscreen lotions, avobenzone is incorporated into daily skincare products such as moisturizers, foundations, and anti-aging creams to provide consistent UV protection. While generally recognized as safe by regulatory bodies like the FDA and EU, it can degrade when exposed to sunlight unless properly stabilized and may cause irritation in sensitive individuals. For improved photostability, modern formulations frequently pair avobenzone with advanced filters like Tinosorb or Mexoryl.