Borax Decahydrate
Borax Decahydrate, also known as sodium tetraborate decahydrate, is a naturally occurring mineral and an important inorganic compound. It appears as colorless or white crystalline granules or powder with a salty, alkaline taste. This compound is widely used in detergents, cosmetics, glass manufacturing, agriculture, and various industrial applications due to its excellent buffering, emulsifying, and antiseptic properties. The “decahydrate” indicates that each molecule of borax contains ten water molecules bound in its crystal structure, contributing to its crystalline appearance and physical properties.
Borax Pentahydrate
Borax Pentahydrate (sodium tetraborate pentahydrate) is an inorganic compound and a hydrated form of borax. It typically appears as colorless to white crystalline granules or powder. This compound contains five molecules of water of crystallization per formula unit, distinguishing it from other borax hydrates such as the decahydrate form. Borax Pentahydrate is widely used across industries including detergents, glass production, agriculture, and cosmetics, valued for its buffering capacity, emulsification, and antiseptic properties. It is soluble in water and exhibits alkaline properties in aqueous solution.
Boric Acid
Boric Acid, chemically known as hydrogen borate or boracic acid, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron. It appears as a white, crystalline powder or granules that are odorless and slightly soluble in water. Boric Acid is commonly used in antiseptics, insecticides, flame retardants, and as a buffering agent in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Due to its mild antiseptic and antifungal properties, it is often used in ophthalmic, dermatologic, and other personal care formulations. It also plays a key role in glass and ceramics manufacturing as well as in agriculture.
Malachite Green
Malachite Green is a synthetic organic compound classified as a triarylmethane dye. It appears as a green crystalline powder with a brilliant metallic sheen and is highly soluble in water and alcohol. While originally developed as a textile dye, Malachite Green is widely used in aquaculture, microbiology, and histology due to its antifungal, antibacterial, and staining properties. It is typically available in two forms: the oxalate and hydrochloride salts. Although effective in many industrial and biological applications, its use in food and veterinary contexts is restricted or banned in several countries due to toxicity concerns.
Turkey Red Oil (Sulphated Castor Oil)
Turkey Red Oil, also known as Sulphated Castor Oil, is a water-soluble derivative of castor oil produced through a sulfonation process using concentrated sulfuric acid. It results in a highly viscous, amber-colored liquid that acts as an excellent emulsifier, wetting agent, and dispersing agent. Unlike natural castor oil, it disperses easily in water, making it ideal for applications in textiles, cosmetics, agriculture, and industrial formulations. Its biodegradable and non-toxic nature also makes it eco-friendly and suitable for sensitive formulations.
Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate
Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) is a white, crystalline, water-soluble compound commonly used as a dietary supplement to treat zinc deficiency. It serves as a key ingredient in fertilizers, animal feeds, and industrial applications like water treatment and dyeing. The heptahydrate form contains seven water molecules, making it highly soluble and effective for various agricultural, medical, and chemical uses.