Acid Black Powder

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Acid Black Powder is a synthetic anionic disazo dye belonging to the acid dye class, specifically formulated for intense black coloration with excellent light and wash fastness properties. This high-purity powder (100% active) exhibits superior solubility in aqueous solutions, making it particularly suitable for dyeing protein-based fibers like wool, silk, and nylon under acidic conditions. As a chromium-complex dye, it delivers enhanced color depth and improved fastness characteristics compared to non-metalized acid dyes. The powder form ensures precise dosing, consistent batch-to-batch reproducibility, and long-term stability when stored properly. Its molecular structure features sulfonic acid groups that facilitate strong ionic bonding with amino groups in fibers, resulting in vibrant, penetration-rich coloration with minimal bleeding.

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Category: Colorants (Pigments, Dyes) Tags: Acid dye black, Fabric coloring, Leather dyeing, Paper dyeing, Textile industry dye

KEY ATTRIBUTES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC):
Disodium 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-6-(phenylazo)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
Common/Trade Names:
- Acid Black 2
- C.I. 50420
- Naphthalene Black 12B
- Eriochrome Black T (similar but distinct)
CAS Number: [8005-03-6]
HS Code: 3204.12.00 (acid dyes)
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₁₄N₆Na₂O₉S₂
Molecular Weight: 616.5 g/mol
Synonyms:
- Acid Black BN
- Lissamine Black 12B
- Wool Black 6BN

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Fine powder
Color: Dark bluish-black
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting (~300°C)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Density: ~1.5 g/cm³ (bulk density)
Solubility:
- Water: 50 g/L (20°C)
- Ethanol: Slightly soluble
- Organic solvents: Insoluble
pH Level: 5-7 (1% solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: >200°C (non-flammable)
Optical Properties: λmax = 570-620 nm (varies with pH)

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS):
- Acute Toxicity (Oral): Category 4 (H302)
- Skin Irritation: Category 2 (H315)
- Eye Irritation: Category 2A (H319)
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: Not established
- ACGIH TLV: Not established
Reactivity:
- Stable under normal conditions
- Incompatible with strong oxidizers

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions:
- Cool, dry place (<30°C)
- Relative humidity <60%
- Away from direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials:
- Strong oxidizers (peroxides, chlorates)
- Strong acids/bases
Container Type:
- Sealed polyethylene or polypropylene containers
- Avoid metal containers
Shelf Life: 24 months minimum
Special Handling:
- Dust mask (NIOSH N95)
- Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile)
- Eye protection (goggles)

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- EU: Compliant with REACH Annex XVII
- US: EPA TSCA listed
- China: IECSC listed
Hazard Symbols (GHS):
- Exclamation mark (irritant)
- Not classified as carcinogenic
Transportation Restrictions:
- Not regulated as dangerous goods
- Proper shipping name: "DYES, SOLID, N.O.S."
Waste Disposal:
- Incineration at approved facilities
- Not RCRA hazardous (US)

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity:
- LC50 (fish): >100 mg/L (96h)
- EC50 (daphnia): >10 mg/L (48h)
Persistence:
- Moderately biodegradable
- BOD5/COD: 0.1-0.3
Carcinogenicity:
- IARC: Not classified
- NTP: Not listed
Biodegradability:
- 30-60% in 28 days (OECD 301B)

Description

Table of Contents

Primary Uses

Textile Dyeing
- Wool & Silk: Acid Black 2 is extensively used for dyeing protein-based fibers like wool, silk, and cashmere due to its strong affinity for these materials.
- Nylon & Synthetic Fibers: Also effective on polyamide (nylon) fabrics, providing deep, wash-fast black shades.
- Leather Industry: Used in leather dyeing for shoes, bags, and upholstery.
Ink & Printing Industry
- Used in inks for ballpoint pens, stamp pads, and inkjet printing.
- Provides permanent, fade-resistant black coloration in specialty inks.
Biological & Laboratory Staining
- Sometimes used in microscopy for staining biological specimens.
- Helps in histology for tissue contrast enhancement.

Secondary Uses

Paper & Packaging Industry
- Used in colored paper production and security printing (e.g., banknotes, certificates).
Cosmetics (Limited Use)
- Found in temporary hair dyes and cosmetic pigments (regulated for safety).
Art & Craft Supplies
- Used in fabric paints, markers, and artist’s dyes for textiles.
Wood Staining
- Occasionally applied in furniture and woodworking for dark finishes.

SAFETY HANDLING

1. Safety Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Gloves: Nitrile or neoprene gloves
Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved N95 mask or higher (for dust)
Clothing: Lab coat or protective apron

Handling & Storage:

Handle in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood
Avoid creating dust (use wet methods if possible)
Keep away from oxidizers, strong acids, and bases
Store in a cool, dry place in a tightly sealed container
Label containers clearly

Hygiene Practices:

Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling
Wash hands thoroughly after use
Avoid inhalation of dust

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation (Dust):

Move to fresh air immediately
If breathing is difficult, seek medical attention

Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing
Wash affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes
Seek medical attention if irritation persists

Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes (hold eyelids open)
Seek immediate medical attention

Ingestion:

Do NOT induce vomiting
Rinse mouth with water
Drink water to dilute
Seek emergency medical help

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards:

Not highly flammable, but may decompose at high temperatures
May emit toxic fumes (NOx, CO, CO₂) when burning

Extinguishing Media:

Water spray
Dry chemical powder
CO₂
Foam

Firefighting Precautions:

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray
Avoid breathing smoke/fumes

4. Spill & Disposal

Small Spills:

Wear PPE
Dampen with water to reduce dust
Sweep up and place in a sealed container

Large Spills:

Evacuate area
Contain spill to prevent spread
Collect for proper disposal

Disposal:

Treat as hazardous waste
Follow local regulations for dye disposal