Ammonium Chloride
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Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water and has a salty taste. Ammonium chloride is often used in various industrial and laboratory applications, including as a flux in soldering, as a nitrogen source in fertilizers, and as a component in dry cell batteries. It can also be used in medicine as an expectorant to help thin and loosen mucus in the respiratory system
Ammonium chloride Uses
Agriculture:
Ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, particularly in rice cultivation, to enhance crop yield.
Industrial processes:
It is used as a flux in metalworking, such as in the manufacturing of electronics, where it is used as a soldering agent.
Food industry:
It is used as a food additive to regulate acidity levels and act as a leavening agent in bread and baked goods.
Pharmaceutical industry:
Ammonium chloride is used in medicine as an expectorant to help clear mucus from the respiratory system.
Animal nutrition:
It is used as an ingredient in animal feed to provide a source of nitrogen.
Laboratory use:
Ammonium chloride is used as a reagent in various laboratory applications, such as in the synthesis of other chemicals and in pH testing.
Cleaning products:
It is used as a cleaning agent and in the production of some types of detergent.
| COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN |
CHINA ,INDIA |
|---|---|
| AVAILABLE GRADES |
AGRICULTURAL GRADE ,ELECTRONIC GRADE ,FOOD GRADE ,INDUSTRIAL GRADE ,TECHNICAL GRADE |
| AVAILABLE PACK SIZE |
1 Tonne Jumbo bag ,25kg( Metal or Plastic Jerrycan/ Bucket, Bag, Box, Polythene bag, Carton bag) ,50kg( Metal or Plastic Jerrycan/ Bucket, Bag, Box, Polythene bag, Carton bag) |
| APPEARANCE |
Crystalline |
Basic Identification
- Chemical Name: Ammonium chloride (IUPAC)
- CAS Number: 12125-02-9
- Molecular Formula: NH₄Cl
- Synonyms: Sal ammoniac, Nushadir salt, Ammonium muriate
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline solid or powder
- Color & Odor: Colorless to white, odorless (weak ammonia odor if moist)
- Boiling Point: Sublimes at ~340°C (decomposes)
- Melting Point: 338°C (sublimation)
- Density: 1.527 g/cm³
- Solubility:
- Water: 244 g/L (0°C), 383 g/L (20°C)
- Organic solvents: Slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol; insoluble in acetone, ether
- pH: ~4.5–6.0 (5% solution, weakly acidic)
- Vapor Pressure: ~1 mmHg at 160°C
- Flash Point: Non-flammable
- Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable (non-combustible)
- Viscosity: N/A (solid)
Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Hazard Statements: H302 (Harmful if swallowed), H319 (Causes eye irritation)
- Precautionary Codes: P305+P351+P338 (Eye exposure rinse)
- NFPA Ratings: Health-2, Flammability-0, Reactivity-1
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 10 mg/m³ (total dust)
- ACGIH TLV: 10 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction)
- Reactivity:
- Incompatible with strong bases (e.g., NaOH → releases ammonia gas), silver nitrate
- Stable under normal conditions
Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Cool, dry, well-ventilated area
- Keep tightly closed to avoid moisture absorption
- Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers (e.g., potassium permanganate), bases
- Container Type: Plastic or glass with lined lids (corrosion-resistant)
- Shelf Life: Indefinite if stored properly
- Special Handling: Use gloves (nitrile) and goggles; avoid dust formation.
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status:
- EPA: Listed but not classified as hazardous waste (unless contaminated).
- REACH: Registered in EU.
- DOT: Not regulated for transport (non-hazardous per TDG).
- GHS Pictograms: Exclamation mark (irritant)
- Transportation Restrictions: None (no UN number required).
- Waste Disposal: Dispose as non-hazardous waste or per local regulations (neutralize if required).
Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity:
- Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (fish): ~1,000 mg/L (low to moderate).
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable.
- Persistence: Low (dissociates to NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ in water).
- Carcinogenicity:
- IARC: Not classified.
- OSHA: No listed carcinogenicity.
- Other Risks: May acidify soil/water in high concentrations.
Safety Precautions
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Gloves: Nitrile or neoprene (avoid latex, as NH₄Cl can degrade it).
- Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shield (prevents irritation from dust/splashes).
- Respiratory Protection: Use an N95 mask or dust respirator if handling powder in poorly ventilated areas.
- Clothing: Wear a lab coat or apron to prevent skin contact.
- Handling & Work Practices
- Work in a well-ventilated area (use a fume hood for large quantities).
- Avoid dust generation (use wet methods or closed systems when possible).
- Do NOT mix with strong bases (e.g., NaOH, KOH) → releases toxic ammonia gas (NH₃).
- No eating, drinking, or smoking near NH₄Cl.
- Storage Safety
- Store in a cool, dry, sealed container (plastic or glass).
- Keep away from moisture, strong bases, and oxidizers.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation (Dust/Fumes)
- Move to fresh air immediately.
- If breathing is difficult, give oxygen and seek medical help.
- Skin Contact
- Remove contaminated clothing.
- Wash affected area with soap and water for 15 minutes.
- Eye Contact
- Rinse eyes with lukewarm water for 15+ minutes (hold eyelids open).
- Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
- Ingestion
- Rinse mouth, drink water or milk (do NOT induce vomiting).
- Seek medical help if large amounts are swallowed.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Behavior
- Non-flammable, but decomposes at >338°C, releasing:
- Ammonia (NH₃) gas (toxic, flammable).
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas (corrosive).
- Non-flammable, but decomposes at >338°C, releasing:
- Extinguishing Agents
- Water spray (best for cooling and suppressing fumes).
- CO₂, dry chemical powder, or foam (if electrical equipment is nearby).
- Avoid water jets (can spread dust).
- Firefighter PPE
- Full protective gear + SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus) due to toxic fumes.
- Spill & Fire Cleanup
- Isolate area, wear PPE.
- For spills, dampen with water and collect with an inert absorbent (e.g., vermiculite).
