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Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)

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Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a highly water-soluble, white crystalline fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus. It is one of the most widely used phosphate fertilizers globally, providing a balanced source of nutrients essential for plant growth. DAP supplies ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻), which promote vigorous root development, improve soil fertility, and enhance crop yield and quality. Besides agriculture, DAP serves important roles in food additives, fire retardants, and industrial applications. It’s favored for its high nutrient content, ease of application, and compatibility with other fertilizers and soil amendments.

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Categories: Emulsifiers, Excipients, Fertilizers, Nutrient Supplements, pH Adjusters Tags: Agricultural Fertilizer, Ammonium phosphate fertilizer, DAP, Diammonium Phosphate, Farming supplies

Description

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) Uses

Primary Uses

Agriculture & Horticulture

Fertilizer: DAP is predominantly used as a phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer for a wide range of crops including cereals (wheat, rice, corn), legumes, vegetables, fruits, and turfgrass. Its high nutrient concentration promotes early root development and improves plant vigor.
Soil Amendment: Improves soil nutrient balance, especially in phosphorus-deficient soils.
Starter Fertilizer: Applied as a starter fertilizer at planting to supply essential nutrients during early crop growth stages.
Foliar Application: Sometimes used in soluble form for foliar feeding to correct nutrient deficiencies.

Animal Feed Supplement

Added in small amounts to animal feed as a source of phosphorus and ammonium, aiding in animal nutrition.

Food Industry

Food Additive: Serves as an acidity regulator, nutrient supplement, and yeast nutrient in baking and brewing processes.
Yeast Growth Promoter: Enhances fermentation efficiency in brewing by providing essential nutrients.

Industrial Applications

Fire Retardants: Used as a flame retardant additive in wood products, textiles, and paper to reduce flammability.
Corrosion Inhibitor: Acts as a corrosion inhibitor in metal treatment and water conditioning.
Water Treatment: Occasionally used in water treatment processes for phosphate supplementation and corrosion control.

Secondary Uses

Pharmaceuticals

Used as a buffering agent and nutrient in pharmaceutical formulations and fermentation processes.

Laboratory Reagent

Employed in chemical analyses, buffer preparations, and fermentation studies.

Miscellaneous Industrial Uses

Used in detergent formulations as a builder and water softener.
Component in fertilizers blends and specialty nutrient mixtures for controlled-release formulations.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
Common/Trade Name: Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
CAS Number: 7783-28-0
HS Code: 3105.30.00
Molecular Formula: (NH₄)₂HPO₄
Synonyms:
- Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
- Ammonium phosphate, dibasic
- DAP fertilizer

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: White crystalline granules or powder
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~370 g/L at 20°C)
Melting Point: Decomposes at approx. 190°C
pH (1% aqueous solution): Slightly alkaline (~7.5–8.0)
Density: ~1.8 g/cm³ (bulk density varies)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; hygroscopic (absorbs moisture)

Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Generally non-hazardous; irritant if dust inhaled
Toxicity: Low toxicity; ingestion in large quantities may cause irritation
Reactivity: Stable; incompatible with strong acids and alkalis
Handling Precautions: Avoid inhaling dust; use dust masks and gloves

Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from moisture and incompatible substances
Container Type: Bags or bulk containers with moisture barrier
Shelf Life: 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Use PPE to avoid dust inhalation and skin contact

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Approved fertilizer and food additive by most global regulatory bodies
Transportation: Non-hazardous material; follow standard transport guidelines for fertilizers
Environmental Compliance: Compliant with environmental norms regarding phosphorus use

Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Not applicable (inorganic salt)
Ecotoxicity: Excessive use can lead to eutrophication of water bodies; responsible application required
Bioaccumulation: Not applicable

Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as hazardous

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator when handling bulk powder or granules
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Protective clothing
Handling Guidelines:
- Avoid dust generation and inhalation
- Use in well-ventilated areas
- Prevent moisture contact to avoid caking
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly sealed
- Store away from incompatible materials such as strong acids

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical care if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; seek medical attention if large amounts swallowed

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; may decompose at high temperatures releasing ammonia and phosphorus oxides
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate for surrounding fire
Special Precautions: Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus if involved in fire
Decomposition Products: Ammonia, nitrogen oxides, phosphorous oxides