Lead Bromide Extra Pure
Lead Bromide Extra Pure is a high-purity inorganic compound with the formula PbBr₂, appearing as a white to pale yellow crystalline solid. It is commonly used in laboratory settings for materials research, particularly in the development of photovoltaic cells, optoelectronic devices, and perovskite-based semiconductors. In analytical chemistry, it can serve as a reagent or intermediate in complex synthesis. Due to its low solubility in water and its thermal properties, it is also explored in crystal growth studies. As with all lead compounds, strict safety precautions must be observed during handling due to its toxic nature.
Lead Bromide Extra Pure
Primary Laboratory Uses:
- Synthesis of Perovskite Materials:
Frequently used in the preparation of lead halide perovskites (e.g., MAPbBr₃), which are key in solar cell, LED, and photodetector research. - Crystallography and Materials Science:
Employed in crystal growth studies to examine structural and optical properties of bromide-based compounds.
Secondary Laboratory Uses:
- Precursor in Inorganic Synthesis:
Utilized as a source of Pb²⁺ and Br⁻ ions in the preparation of complex lead bromide salts and hybrid materials. - Photoconductivity Studies:
Explored in semiconductor and photoconductivity research due to its electrical behavior under light exposure. - Thermal Decomposition Studies:
Used in thermal stability and decomposition experiments to investigate bromide volatilization and lead oxide formation.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name: Lead(II) Bromide
- Synonyms: Plumbous bromide
- Chemical Formula: PbBr₂
- CAS Number: 10031-22-8
- Molecular Weight: 367.01 g/mol
- Grade: Extra Pure (suitable for laboratory and analytical use)
- Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
- Odor: Odorless
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; more soluble in hot water
- Melting Point: ~373 °C
- Boiling Point: Decomposes above 900 °C
2. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Acute Toxicity (Oral) – Category 4
- Reproductive Toxicity – Category 1A
- Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure) – Category 2
- Aquatic Chronic – Category 2
- Hazard Statements:
- H302: Harmful if swallowed
- H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child
- H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
- Precautionary Statements:
- P201: Obtain special instructions before use
- P260: Do not breathe dust or fumes
- P264: Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- P280: Wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection
- P273: Avoid release to the environment
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Lab coat
- Nitrile gloves
- Chemical splash goggles
- Dust mask or respirator if ventilation is inadequate
- First Aid Measures:
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical care
- Fire Hazards:
- Non-flammable
- Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, CO₂, or water spray
- Avoid inhalation of decomposition fumes (may include lead oxides and bromine gases)
3. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store tightly sealed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
- Keep away from moisture, strong acids, oxidizers, and food items
- Label as Toxic – Handle with Care
- Handling Tips:
- Use under a fume hood when possible
- Minimize dust formation
- Ensure proper waste disposal in accordance with hazardous material regulations
4. Laboratory Applications
- Primary Uses:
- Used in chemical synthesis and crystal growth experiments
- Studied in research on perovskite-based solar cell materials
- Educational demonstrations involving lead halides (with caution)
- Secondary Uses:
- Intermediate in the preparation of other lead-containing compounds
- Specialty reagent in materials science and solid-state chemistry
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Wear a lab coat, chemical-resistant nitrile gloves, and safety goggles.
- Use a certified respirator or operate under a fume hood to avoid inhaling dust or fumes.
- Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.
Handling:
- Handle with extreme caution—toxic if ingested or inhaled.
- Avoid creating dust and prevent all contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
- Wash hands thoroughly after use.
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the product.
Storage:
- Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
- Keep away from food, acids, and oxidizing agents.
- Clearly label the storage area as toxic.
FIRST AID MEASURES
Inhalation:
- Move the person to fresh air immediately.
- Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
- Seek urgent medical attention.
Skin Contact:
- Remove contaminated clothing.
- Rinse skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
- Get medical help if irritation or symptoms occur.
Eye Contact:
- Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes.
- Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
- Continue rinsing and seek medical attention immediately.
Ingestion:
- Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water.
- Do NOT induce vomiting.
- Seek immediate medical help—lead compounds are highly toxic when ingested.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Flammability:
- Not flammable, but may decompose upon heating to produce toxic lead and bromine fumes.
Extinguishing Media:
- Use dry chemical powder, CO₂, or foam.
- Water spray may be used to cool containers, but avoid excessive water runoff.
Hazardous Combustion Products:
- Emits toxic lead oxides and hydrogen bromide when heated.
Firefighter Protection:
- Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Avoid inhalation of smoke, fumes, and particulates.