Polyglyceryl
Polyglyceryl refers to a family of non-ionic surfactants and emulsifiers made by the polymerization of glycerol units. Depending on the number of glycerol units (e.g., Polyglyceryl-2, -3, -6, -10) and fatty acid esterification (e.g., laurate, oleate, stearate), they offer different emulsifying and solubilizing properties. These compounds are biodegradable, mild, and skin-friendly, making them ideal for use in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Polyglyceryl esters are often chosen in natural and organic product formulations due to their origin and non-toxic profile.
Primary Uses
Cosmetics & Personal Care Products
Serve as emulsifiers in creams, lotions, sunscreens, serums, and cleansers.
Excellent for oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions depending on HLB value.
Provide a light, non-greasy feel, making them suitable for facial care and sensitive skin products.
Common in natural, vegan, and clean-label cosmetic formulations.
Food Industry
Used as food-grade emulsifiers and dispersing agents (especially Polyglyceryl esters of fatty acids).
Help stabilize emulsions in sauces, dressings, ice cream, and non-dairy creamers.
Improve mouthfeel and texture in reduced-fat or low-calorie foods.
Approved for use under various food additive codes (e.g., E475, E476).
Pharmaceutical Formulations
Act as emulsifiers and solubilizers for oral suspensions, creams, and suppositories.
Improve the solubility and delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Used in topical preparations to enhance absorption and skin feel.
Baby Care & Sensitive Skin Products
Due to their non-irritating, non-sensitizing nature, they are widely used in baby lotions, creams, and shampoos.
Ideal for eczema and allergy-prone formulations.
Secondary Uses
Oral Care
Used as mild emulsifiers and solubilizers in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and dental gels.
Makeup & Color Cosmetics
Help disperse pigments uniformly in foundations, BB creams, mascaras, and lip products.
Improve long-wear and spreadability.
Hair Care
Used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks to enhance foam stability and moisture retention.
Pet Care Products
Incorporated in grooming sprays, lotions, and medicated baths for pets due to their non-toxic nature.
Industrial & Biotech Applications
Used in bio-lubricants, enzyme formulations, and fermentation processes for their stabilizing properties.
Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Polyglycerol or Polyglyceryl esters (depends on variant)
Common/Trade Name: Polyglyceryl (e.g., Polyglyceryl-3 Laurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Oleate)
CAS Number: Varies by type (e.g., 29894-35-7 for Polyglyceryl-3)
HS Code: 3402.13.00 (Non-ionic surfactants)
Synonyms: Poly(glycerol); Polyglycerol esters; PG-esters
Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Liquid, viscous paste, or soft solid (depends on molecular weight)
Color & Odor: Colorless to pale yellow; mild to neutral odor
Solubility: Varies (water-dispersible to water-soluble)
HLB Value: Broad range (from 4 to 14 depending on ester type)
pH (1% solution): ~5.0–7.5
Acid Value: Typically <10 mg KOH/g
Saponification Value: 80–180 mg KOH/g
Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous
Toxicity: Non-toxic; suitable for ingestion and topical use
Irritation Potential: Very low; suitable for sensitive skin and mucosal membranes
Allergen Status: Allergen-free, non-sensitizing
Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry place (15–25°C)
Container Type: HDPE drums, food-grade pails, or IBCs
Shelf Life: 2–3 years under optimal storage conditions
Handling Precautions: Avoid contamination; use clean, dry equipment during handling
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with:
EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009
FDA GRAS status (for specific esters in food)
ECOCERT and COSMOS-approved (many types)
REACH registered
Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact
Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Allergenic Potential: Very low; suitable for hypoallergenic products
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required: Gloves and goggles for bulk handling
Handling Guidelines:
Avoid contact with eyes and prolonged skin exposure in concentrated form
Ensure clean tools and containers to avoid contamination
Storage Measures: Protect from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Unlikely; move to fresh air if mist inhaled
Skin Contact: Rinse with water; safe at cosmetic levels
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with clean water
Ingestion: Generally safe; in large quantities, seek medical advice
Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
Flash Point: >200°C
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, CO₂, foam, or dry chemical
Special Precautions: Use standard firefighting gear
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide