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Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na₂H₂P₂O₇. It is a white, crystalline powder or granular solid that serves as a versatile leavening agent, buffering agent, and sequestrant. SAPP is widely used in food processing, water treatment, and industrial applications due to its ability to control pH, chelate metals, and modify texture.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate
Primary Uses
- Food Industry (E450i)
- Leavening Agent: Releases carbon dioxide slowly in baked goods (e.g., cakes, muffins, refrigerated doughs).
- pH Control: Maintains acidity in processed cheeses, potato products, and canned seafood.
- Emulsifier & Stabilizer: Improves texture in puddings, whipped toppings, and meat products.
- Water Treatment
- Corrosion Inhibitor: Prevents scale formation in boilers and cooling towers.
- Metal Sequestrant: Binds iron and manganese to prevent discoloration in drinking water.
- Oil & Gas Industry
- Drilling Fluid Additive: Controls viscosity and prevents clay swelling.
- Cleaning Products
- Dishwasher Detergent: Softens water and enhances cleaning efficiency.
- Textile Industry
- Dyeing Auxiliary: Stabilizes hydrogen peroxide in bleaching processes.
- Industrial Applications
- Electroplating: Regulates bath pH and improves metal deposition.
Secondary Uses
- Concrete Setting
- Retarder: Slows cement hydration in hot climates.
- Pet Food
- Preservative & Texture Modifier: Extends shelf life and improves palatability.
- Photography
- Developer Component: Adjusts pH in photographic solutions.
- Ceramics
- Deflocculant: Aids in slurry viscosity control.
- Fire Retardants
- Synergist: Enhances flame resistance in materials.
- Pharmaceuticals
- Excipient: Used in effervescent tablets.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate.
- Common/Trade Names: SAPP, Pyrophosphate.
- CAS Number: 7758-16-9.
- HS Code: 2835.39.00.
- Synonyms: Disodium pyrophosphate, Diphosphoric acid disodium salt.
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White powder or granules.
- Color & Odor: White; odorless.
- Melting Point: Decomposes at 220°C.
- Solubility: Soluble in water (12 g/100 mL at 20°C).
- Density: 1.86 g/cm³.
- pH: 3.5–4.5 (1% solution).
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: May cause skin/eye irritation (H315, H319).
- Toxicity: Low (LD₅₀ > 2,000 mg/kg oral, rat).
- Exposure Limits: Avoid dust inhalation; TWA 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust).
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Cool, dry place; keep sealed to prevent moisture absorption.
- Container Type: Polyethylene-lined bags or drums.
- Shelf Life: 2+ years if stored properly.
- Handling Precautions: Use gloves, goggles, and dust masks.
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Food-Grade: FDA 21 CFR 182, EU E450i, JECFA compliant.
- Industrial: REACH registered; meets NSF/ANSI Standard 60 for water treatment.
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not readily biodegradable.
- Ecotoxicity: Low; avoid excessive release into waterways.
- Disposal: Follow local regulations for inorganic salts.
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Gloves (nitrile/neoprene), goggles, dust mask, and protective clothing.
Handling Guidelines:
- Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid dust generation.
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling.
Storage Measures:
- Keep in tightly closed containers, away from moisture and incompatible materials (acids, oxidizers
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if coughing persists.
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water.
- Eye Contact: Rinse with water for 15 minutes; consult a doctor.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; do not induce vomiting.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable.
- Extinguishing Media: Water, foam, dry chemical.
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Phosphorus oxides (if decomposed at high temps).
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