TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE (TSP): THE VERSATILE CLEANING AGENT AND FOOD ADDITIVE

Trisodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), commonly known as TSP, is a powerful alkaline compound with diverse industrial, household and food applications. This white, crystalline powder serves as an effective cleaner, degreaser and food pH regulator, though its use has become more regulated in recent years due to environmental concerns.

Key Properties & Grades

Physical & Chemical Characteristics

• Appearance: White granular or crystalline powder
• Solubility: 12 g/100 mL water (20°C)
• pH: 11.5-12.5 (1% solution)
• Melting Point: 73°C (decomposes)

Commercial Grades

Major Applications

1. Cleaning & Degreasing

• Industrial Cleaning:
  • Removes grease from machinery (5-10% solutions)
  • Cleans concrete floors (1 cup/gal water)
• Household Use:
  • Pre-paint surface preparation
  • Deck cleaning (banned in some states)

2. Food Industry (E339iii)

• pH Regulation:
  • Processed cheeses (0.2-0.8%)
  • Cereal products
• Emulsification:
  • Helps blend oils in canned soups

3. Water Treatment

• Corrosion Inhibitor:
  • Forms protective phosphate layer in pipes
• Boiler Treatment:
  • Prevents scale at 10-30 ppm concentration

4. Other Uses

• Textile Processing:
  • Scouring agent for cotton
• Ceramics:
  • Deflocculant in clay slips

Safety & Environmental Considerations

⚠ Health Concerns:

• Skin/eye irritant (wear gloves/goggles)
• Respiratory irritation if inhaled
• Banned in detergents in many areas

✅ Safe Handling:

• Use in well-ventilated areas
• Rinse surfaces thoroughly after use
• Store away from acids

♻ Environmental Impact:

• Contributes to eutrophication
• Banned in automatic dish detergents (US, EU)

Regulatory Status

Alternatives

• Sodium Carbonate (washing soda)
• Citric Acid for descaling
• Baking Soda for mild cleaning