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Hexane

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Hexane is a colorless, volatile, and highly flammable hydrocarbon solvent belonging to the alkane series with the chemical formula C6H14. It is a mixture of isomers, primarily n-hexane, with a faint gasoline-like odor. Hexane is widely used as an industrial solvent due to its non-polar characteristics, low boiling point, and excellent ability to dissolve oils, fats, waxes, and resins. It is commonly obtained from petroleum refining and is a key component in formulations requiring rapid evaporation and strong solvency. Hexane finds broad applications in chemical synthesis, extraction, cleaning, and manufacturing sectors.

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Categories: Solvents (Cleaning), Solvents(pharmaceutical) Tags: C6 Alkane Solvent, Degreasing Agent, Food-Grade Solvent, Hexane, Hydrocarbon Solvent, n‑Hexane

Description

Table of Contents

Hexane

Primary Uses

Industrial Solvent

Used extensively as a solvent for extraction of edible oils from seeds and vegetables such as soybeans, corn, and canola.
Employed in the formulation of adhesives, glues, and cements, especially rubber cement, due to its effective dissolving power and fast drying.
Utilized in the cleaning and degreasing of machinery and metal parts in automotive and manufacturing industries.
Solvent for extraction and purification processes in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

Chemical Manufacturing

Used as a carrier solvent in chemical reactions, polymerizations, and resin production.
Acts as a medium for synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Laboratory Applications

Commonly used as a solvent in chromatography and other analytical techniques due to its volatility and low UV absorbance.
Used in sample preparation and cleaning laboratory glassware.

Consumer Products

Present in some paint thinners, varnishes, and spot removers.
Used in the formulation of aerosol sprays and cleaning agents.

Secondary Uses

Electronics Industry

Used in cleaning electronic components and circuit boards due to its rapid evaporation and non-polar nature.

Printing Industry

Acts as a solvent in ink formulations and cleaning printing presses.

Textile Industry

Utilized in degreasing and cleaning fibers and fabrics.

Fuel Industry

Sometimes employed as a blending agent or component in gasoline formulations to enhance performance.

KEY ATTRIBUTES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Hexane
Common/Trade Names: n-Hexane, Hexane solvent
CAS Number: 110-54-3
HS Code: 2901.29.00
Molecular Formula: C6H14
Synonyms: n-Hexane; Hexane solvent; C6H14

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Liquid
Color & Odor: Colorless; characteristic gasoline-like odor
Boiling Point: 68.7 °C
Melting Point: -95 °C
Density: ~0.660 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: Approx. 150 mmHg at 20°C
Flash Point: -22 °C (closed cup)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform
Vapor Density: 3.0 (air = 1)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; highly flammable

Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification: Flam. Liq. 2; Asp. Tox. 1; STOT SE 3 (narcotic effects)
Toxicity: Neurotoxic with prolonged or high-level exposure; skin irritant
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 500 ppm (8-hour TWA)
Health Risks: May cause dizziness, headaches, and nerve damage with chronic exposure

Storage & Handling Attributes

Container Type: Steel drums, safety cans
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources
Shelf Life: Stable if stored properly in sealed containers
Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation and skin contact; use in explosion-proof areas

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Listed on REACH and TSCA inventories
Subject to VOC regulations due to high volatility
Usage limits regulated in consumer products due to toxicity

Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
Bioaccumulation: Low potential
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic but neurotoxic effects warrant caution

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, flame-resistant lab coat, and appropriate respiratory protection in confined areas
Handling Guidelines: Use only in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods; avoid ignition sources and static discharge
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands after handling; avoid eating or smoking during use

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; if breathing is difficult, seek medical attention
Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air
Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray
Special Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, aldehydes, and other toxic fumes