Liquid Chlorine

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Liquid Chlorine is a pale yellow-green, highly reactive chemical primarily composed of chlorine dissolved in water or as liquefied chlorine gas under pressure. It is widely used as a powerful disinfectant, bleaching agent, and oxidizer in water treatment, sanitation, and various industrial applications. Due to its strong antimicrobial properties, liquid chlorine effectively controls bacteria, viruses, algae, and other microorganisms, ensuring safe potable water and hygienic conditions.

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Categories: Catalysts, Disinfectants and Biocides, Oxidizing Agents Tags: Chlorine Solution, Disinfectant, Liquid Chlorine, Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, Water treatment

Description

Liquid Chlorine

Primary Uses

Water Treatment and Disinfection

Used extensively in municipal and industrial water treatment plants to disinfect drinking water and wastewater by eliminating pathogenic microorganisms.
Applied in swimming pools and recreational water facilities to maintain hygienic, algae-free water conditions.

Bleaching Agent

Employed in the paper and pulp industry for bleaching wood pulp to produce white paper products.
Used in textile manufacturing for bleaching fabrics and yarns to achieve desired whiteness and brightness.

Industrial Oxidizer

Acts as a strong oxidizing agent in chemical manufacturing processes such as the production of solvents, pesticides, and other chlorine-based chemicals.

Sanitization and Sterilization

Utilized in food processing plants and dairies to sanitize equipment and surfaces, ensuring compliance with hygiene standards.
Used in cooling towers and industrial systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.

Secondary Uses

Disinfection in Aquaculture

Applied in fish farms and aquaculture facilities to reduce pathogenic microbial load and improve water quality.

Odor Control

Used to neutralize unpleasant odors in wastewater treatment and solid waste management operations.

Chemical Intermediate

Serves as a precursor or reagent in producing various chlorine-containing compounds and specialty chemicals.

Agricultural Applications

Occasionally used for disinfecting irrigation water and agricultural equipment to prevent disease spread.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Chlorine (aqueous solution or liquefied gas)
Common/Trade Name: Liquid Chlorine; Chlorine Solution; Chlorine Gas (liquefied)
CAS Number: 7782-50-5
HS Code: 2801.20.00
Synonyms: Chlorine liquid; Liquefied chlorine; Chlorine solution

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Pale yellow-green liquid (under pressure) or aqueous solution
Odor: Pungent, characteristic chlorine odor
Boiling Point: -34.04 °C (for pure chlorine gas)
Density: Approximately 1.2 g/cm³ (liquid chlorine)
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, forming hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid
Reactivity: Highly reactive and corrosive, strong oxidizer

Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:
- Acute toxicity (Category 3)
- Skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1B)
- Serious eye damage/eye irritation (Category 1)
- Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) – respiratory tract irritation (Category 3)
Toxicity: Highly toxic by inhalation; corrosive to skin and eyes
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (8-hour TWA)
- ACGIH TLV: 0.5 ppm (8-hour TWA)

Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as ammonia, organic compounds, and flammable substances
- Use corrosion-resistant containers and equipment designed for chlorine handling
Container Type:
- Cylinders or tanks made of compatible materials (e.g., steel with appropriate lining)
Shelf Life:
- Stable under recommended storage conditions; monitor regularly for leaks or corrosion
Handling Precautions:
- Use in well-ventilated areas or with proper respiratory protection
- Avoid skin and eye contact; handle with appropriate PPE

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Complies with OSHA, EPA, and international standards for chlorine use and storage
Subject to hazardous material transportation and storage regulations
Labeling must clearly indicate corrosive and toxic nature

Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Not applicable (elemental chlorine decomposes rapidly)
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Full protective clothing including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shield, and respiratory protection when handling large volumes
Handling Guidelines:
- Handle only with trained personnel
- Use containment systems to avoid accidental release
- Employ emergency eyewash and shower stations nearby
Storage Measures:
- Segregate from incompatible substances
- Ensure secure storage to prevent leaks or accidental exposure

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; administer oxygen or artificial respiration if needed; seek urgent medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin thoroughly with water; seek medical advice for burns or irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek emergency medical treatment
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water; seek immediate medical care

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but supports combustion; reacts violently with many substances releasing toxic gases
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray or fog to absorb chlorine gas and cool containers; do not use dry chemicals or foam alone
Special Precautions: Firefighters must wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: Chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, and other toxic fumes