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Titanium Dioxide

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Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium known for its exceptional brightness and high refractive index. It is one of the most widely used white pigments in the world due to its excellent opacity, UV resistance, and chemical stability. Available in various crystalline forms—mainly rutile and anatase—it is used across numerous industries including paints, plastics, paper, cosmetics, and food. Industrial grades are often surface-treated to enhance performance in specific applications.

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Description

Primary Uses
Paints & Coatings Industry
White Pigment: Provides opacity, brightness, and coverage in decorative, industrial, automotive, and marine coatings.

UV Protection: Protects underlying surfaces and coatings from photodegradation.

Color Retention: Enhances weather resistance and maintains paint appearance over time.

Plastics Industry
Colorant: Adds whiteness and opacity to plastic products like PVC pipes, window frames, films, containers, and packaging.

Thermal Stability: Improves heat resistance and longevity in thermoplastics and thermosets.

UV Resistance: Protects polymers from degradation due to sunlight exposure.

Paper Industry
Coating Pigment: Enhances brightness, smoothness, and opacity in high-quality papers and boards.

Filler: Increases paper bulk and printability, particularly in specialty and coated papers.

Cosmetics & Personal Care
Sunscreens: Used as a physical UV filter (especially micronized TiO₂) in SPF formulations.

Pigment: Provides opacity and brightness in foundations, creams, powders, and lotions.

Non-Irritant Base: Suitable for sensitive skin due to its inert and non-comedogenic nature.

Food Industry (Food Grade – E171)
Food Whitening Agent: Adds brightness and opacity to chewing gum, candies, bakery coatings, and toothpaste.

Color Stabilizer: Helps maintain color consistency in processed foods and pharmaceuticals.

 

Secondary Uses
Pharmaceuticals
Tablet Coating Agent: Enhances tablet appearance and provides UV protection for light-sensitive drugs.

Capsules & Gels: Used for whitening and aesthetic appeal in gel capsules.

Ceramics & Glass
Opacifier: Adds whiteness and opacity in glazes and ceramic finishes.

Glass Additive: Improves refractive index and UV filtering in specialty glass applications.

Textiles
Pigment Printing: Adds opacity and brightness in printed or dyed fabrics.

Fiber Additive: Improves UV resistance and colorfastness in synthetic fibers.

Inks
Printing Inks: Adds brightness and opacity in packaging, labels, and publications.

UV Curing Inks: Enhances performance in high-opacity ink formulations for industrial printing.

Photocatalysis & Environmental Uses
Air & Water Purification: In anatase form, acts as a photocatalyst to break down pollutants under UV light.

Self-Cleaning Surfaces: Applied in glass and ceramic coatings to facilitate dirt decomposition.

Antibacterial Coatings: Used in surfaces where antimicrobial activity is desired.

Metallurgy & Welding
Flux Coating: Used in welding electrodes as a flux component to stabilize arc and improve weld quality.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Titanium(IV) oxide

Common/Trade Name: Titanium Dioxide

CAS Number: 13463-67-7

HS Code: 3206.11.00 (Pigment grade)

Synonyms: TiO₂, titania, rutile, anatase, E171 (food grade)

 

Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Powder (fine or ultrafine)

Color & Odor: White, odorless

Crystal Forms: Rutile (high refractive index, more stable) and Anatase (higher photocatalytic activity)

Melting Point: 1,843 °C

Density: 3.9–4.2 g/cm³ (rutile), 3.8–3.9 g/cm³ (anatase)

Refractive Index: ~2.7 (rutile), ~2.5 (anatase)

Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in concentrated acids

 

Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous in solid form; inhalable dust may be hazardous

Toxicity: Considered low toxicity; concern exists over inhalation of fine particles (especially nanoparticles)

Exposure Limits:

OSHA PEL: 15 mg/m³ (total dust)

ACGIH TLV: 10 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction)

 

Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in dry, well-ventilated area; avoid moisture contamination

Container Type: Multi-ply paper bags, FIBCs, or drums

Shelf Life: Stable indefinitely under proper storage

Handling Precautions: Avoid generating dust; use dust extraction and PPE where necessary

 

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with REACH and OSHA standards for industrial use

Food-grade form (E171) approved by Codex, USP, FCC, and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (note: banned for food use in some jurisdictions like the EU)

Pharmaceutical grades comply with USP, BP, and EP standards

Listed in TSCA (USA), DSL (Canada), and other global inventories

Subject to labeling requirements depending on particle size (e.g., nanoparticles)

 

Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Inorganic; does not biodegrade

Ecotoxicity: Low for pigment-grade; nanoparticle form may affect aquatic life

Bioaccumulation: Not significant in pigment form

Photocatalytic Risk: Anatase TiO₂ may generate reactive oxygen species under UV light, which can impact ecosystems

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

PPE Required: Dust mask, gloves, goggles recommended for bulk handling

Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; minimize airborne dust generation

Storage Measures: Keep containers sealed and dry; avoid contamination with incompatible substances

 

First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs

Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water

Eye Contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists

Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if large quantity ingested

 

Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; stable under fire conditions

Extinguishing Media: Use media appropriate for surrounding fire

Hazardous Combustion Products: None specific; may release metal oxide fumes if involved in fire

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