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Propylparaben (Prop BH)

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Prop BH, also known as Propylparaben or Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate, is an organic compound belonging to the paraben family of preservatives. It appears as colorless small crystals or a white crystalline powder with a characteristic mild odor and a slightly bitter taste. The compound is practically insoluble in cold water but readily soluble in alcohols, ethers, and other organic solvents. Propylparaben is widely recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, particularly effective against molds, yeasts, and bacteria. Propylparaben is manufactured for use as a preservative in various industrial applications and is not intended for direct human consumption without appropriate certification.

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Description

Table of Contents

Propylparaben (Prop BH)

Primary Uses

1. Food and Beverage Chemicals

Food preservative used in baked goods, sauces, pickles, processed meats, dairy products, and beverages to inhibit molds, yeasts, and bacteria
Protective agent in food coloring applications to prevent microbial spoilage

2. Cosmetic and Personal Care Chemicals

Preservative in creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, makeup products, deodorants, and sunscreen formulations to extend shelf life and prevent microbial growth
Primary antimicrobial agent in personal care preservation systems

3. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Preservative in liquid pharmaceuticals including syrups, suspensions, and topical preparations
Antimicrobial agent in pharmaceutical formulations requiring microbial protection

4. Agricultural Chemicals

Preservative in animal feed and pet food formulations to prevent mold growth and maintain feed quality

Secondary Uses

1. Specialty and Fine Chemicals

Preservative in adhesives, paints, coatings, and industrial cleaning products to prevent microbial spoilage

2. Textile Chemicals

Preservative in textile finishing solutions and storage treatments

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Common/Trade Name: Propylparaben; Prop BH; Nipasol
CAS Number: 94-13-3
HS Code: 2918.29
Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₃
Molecular Weight: 180.20 g/mol
Synonyms: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Propylparaben, Nipasol, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline solid (powder or crystals)
Color & Odor: White to colorless; characteristic mild odor; slightly bitter taste
Melting Point: 95–98°C
Flash Point: 124.6°C
Density: 1.063–1.1 g/cm³
Solubility: Insoluble in cold water; slightly soluble in hot water; freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, ether, and acetone
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to light and strong bases

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:
- H315: Causes skin irritation
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
- H335: May cause respiratory irritation
Toxicity: LD₅₀ oral (rat): > 5,000 mg/kg; ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake): 0–10 mg/kg body weight (FAO/WHO)
Irritation: May cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
Flammability: Combustible solid

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed. Protect from moisture.
Container Type: Multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liner, fiber drums, or plastic pails
Shelf Life: 24–36 months under recommended storage conditions
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation and inhalation; use with adequate ventilation; avoid skin contact; keep away from strong oxidizing agents
Storage Measures: Store separately from strong bases and oxidizing agents; protect from moisture

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- FDA: GRAS for food use under 21 CFR 184.1670
- FAO/WHO: ADI established at 0–10 mg/kg body weight
- EU: Authorized food additive under E216 with usage restrictions
- TSCA, DSL, EINECS: Listed
Certifications: Food grade, pharmaceutical grade, USP grade, and cosmetic grade available
Use Restrictions: Concentration limits vary by application and jurisdiction

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Moderately biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: May be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
Bioaccumulation: Moderate potential for bioaccumulation

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

1. Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Chemical safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile), lab coat, and dust respirator when airborne dust is generated
Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; minimize dust generation; avoid breathing dust; wash thoroughly after handling
Storage Measures: Store away from strong oxidizing agents and strong bases; protect from moisture; maintain dry, moderate temperature conditions
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do NOT induce vomiting. Drink one or two glasses of water. Seek medical attention if large quantities are swallowed.

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Combustible solid
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Special Procedures: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Use water spray to cool exposed containers.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acrid smoke

Propylparaben (Prop BH)

Propylparaben (Prop BH)

Primary Uses

1. Food and Beverage Chemicals

Food preservative used in baked goods, sauces, pickles, processed meats, dairy products, and beverages to inhibit molds, yeasts, and bacteria

Protective agent in food coloring applications to prevent microbial spoilage

2. Cosmetic and Personal Care Chemicals

Preservative in creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, makeup products, deodorants, and sunscreen formulations to extend shelf life and prevent microbial growth

Primary antimicrobial agent in personal care preservation systems

3. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Preservative in liquid pharmaceuticals including syrups, suspensions, and topical preparations

Antimicrobial agent in pharmaceutical formulations requiring microbial protection

4. Agricultural Chemicals

Preservative in animal feed and pet food formulations to prevent mold growth and maintain feed quality

Secondary Uses

1. Specialty and Fine Chemicals

Preservative in adhesives, paints, coatings, and industrial cleaning products to prevent microbial spoilage

2. Textile Chemicals

Preservative in textile finishing solutions and storage treatments

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Common/Trade Name: Propylparaben; Prop BH; Nipasol

CAS Number: 94-13-3

HS Code: 2918.29

Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₂O₃

Molecular Weight: 180.20 g/mol

Synonyms: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Propylparaben, Nipasol, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline solid (powder or crystals)

Color & Odor: White to colorless; characteristic mild odor; slightly bitter taste

Melting Point: 95–98°C

Flash Point: 124.6°C

Density: 1.063–1.1 g/cm³

Solubility: Insoluble in cold water; slightly soluble in hot water; freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, ether, and acetone

Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to light and strong bases

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:

H315: Causes skin irritation

H319: Causes serious eye irritation

H335: May cause respiratory irritation

Toxicity: LD₅₀ oral (rat): > 5,000 mg/kg; ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake): 0–10 mg/kg body weight (FAO/WHO)

Irritation: May cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract

Flammability: Combustible solid

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed. Protect from moisture.

Container Type: Multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liner, fiber drums, or plastic pails

Shelf Life: 24–36 months under recommended storage conditions

Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation and inhalation; use with adequate ventilation; avoid skin contact; keep away from strong oxidizing agents

Storage Measures: Store separately from strong bases and oxidizing agents; protect from moisture

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:

FDA: GRAS for food use under 21 CFR 184.1670

FAO/WHO: ADI established at 0–10 mg/kg body weight

EU: Authorized food additive under E216 with usage restrictions

TSCA, DSL, EINECS: Listed

Certifications: Food grade, pharmaceutical grade, USP grade, and cosmetic grade available

Use Restrictions: Concentration limits vary by application and jurisdiction

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Moderately biodegradable

Ecotoxicity: May be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations

Bioaccumulation: Moderate potential for bioaccumulation

1. Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Chemical safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile), lab coat, and dust respirator when airborne dust is generated

Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; minimize dust generation; avoid breathing dust; wash thoroughly after handling

Storage Measures: Store away from strong oxidizing agents and strong bases; protect from moisture; maintain dry, moderate temperature conditions

Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop.

Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact: Rinse with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do NOT induce vomiting. Drink one or two glasses of water. Seek medical attention if large quantities are swallowed.

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Combustible solid

Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide

Special Procedures: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Use water spray to cool exposed containers.

Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acrid smoke

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