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Aluminum Ammonium Sulphate
Aluminum ammonium sulphate, commonly known as ammonium alum or ammonium aluminum sulfate, is a crystalline chemical compound consisting of aluminum, ammonium, and sulfate ions. It typically appears as a colorless or white crystalline solid with astringent properties. It is widely used for its excellent coagulating, clarifying, and antiseptic properties. Aluminum ammonium sulphate finds applications in water purification, cosmetics, food processing, textile dyeing, and pharmaceuticals. Its ability to precipitate impurities and act as a mordant makes it invaluable in industries requiring precise control of chemical reactions, such as in the preparation of baking powder and fireproof textiles.
Description
Aluminum Ammonium Sulphate Uses
Primary UsesÂ
Water Treatment
- Used as a coagulating agent in potable water and wastewater treatment plants to remove suspended solids, turbidity, and microorganisms.
- Facilitates sedimentation and filtration by forming flocs, improving water clarity and safety.
Food & Beverages
- Acts as a firming agent and stabilizer in pickling and baking (E523 food additive).
- Used in baking powder formulations to regulate leavening and improve texture in baked goods.
- Added in processed cheese and some canned vegetables as a preservative and texture enhancer.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Incorporated into deodorants and astringents for its antibacterial and skin-tightening effects.
- Used in aftershaves and facial toners for soothing and antiseptic properties.
Textile & Dye Industry
- Functions as a mordant to fix dyes on fabrics, improving colorfastness and intensity.
- Used in tanning leather and textile finishing to improve durability and resistance.
Pharmaceuticals
- Utilized as an astringent and antiseptic in topical applications and medical formulations.
- Employed in hemostatic agents to control minor bleeding.
Secondary UsesÂ
Paper Industry
- Used in paper sizing to improve strength, gloss, and ink receptivity.
Fireproofing Agents
- Component in fire-retardant treatments for textiles and wood products due to its flame-inhibiting properties.
Water Purification Tablets
- Used in solid tablets for portable water purification systems.
Leather Industry
- Employed in tanning and conditioning to enhance leather quality.
Animal Feed
- Occasionally used as a mineral supplement, though less common.
KEY ATTRIBUTES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate
- Common/Trade Names: Ammonium alum, Aluminum ammonium sulfate, Ammonium aluminum sulfate
- CAS Number: 7784-24-9
- HS Code: 2833.29.00
- Molecular Formula: NH₄Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O
- Synonyms: Ammonium alum, ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, E523 (food additive)
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline solid, often in powder or granular form
- Color & Odor: White, odorless crystals
- Melting Point: ~92.5°C (decomposes upon heating)
- Boiling Point: N/A (decomposes)
- Density: ~1.73 g/cm³
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~70 g/100 mL at 20°C)
- pH (in solution): Acidic (~3.5 - 4)
- Vapor Pressure: Negligible
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions, decomposes on heating releasing ammonia and sulfur oxides
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Generally regarded as safe, but may cause eye and skin irritation
- NFPA Ratings: Health 1 (slight irritation), Flammability 0, Reactivity 0
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL, low toxicity but avoid prolonged inhalation or ingestion
- Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes on heating
- Incompatibilities: Strong bases, strong reducing agents, and strong oxidizers
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and incompatible materials
- Container Type: Plastic or glass containers with tight sealing to prevent moisture uptake
- Shelf Life: Typically several years if kept dry and sealed
- Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE including gloves, goggles, and dust masks when handling powders
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA: Approved as a food additive (E523) for use as a firming agent and acidity regulator
- EFSA: Approved for use within specified limits in food products
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous
- Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local regulations; not classified as hazardous waste
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms but avoid large releases to water bodies
- Persistence: Decomposes in the environment; no significant bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic by IARC or OSHA
- Biodegradability: Inorganic compound; does not biodegrade but dilutes and decomposes in nature
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Use gloves, safety goggles, and dust masks to prevent skin, eye, and respiratory exposure.
- Ventilation: Handle in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhalation of dust.
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling the chemical.
- Spill Handling: Sweep up dry spills carefully; avoid creating dust clouds; dispose of according to local regulations.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air; if breathing difficulty occurs, seek medical attention immediately.
- Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth and drink plenty of water; do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; decomposes on heating releasing toxic fumes including ammonia and sulfur oxides.
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide to extinguish fires in surrounding materials.
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) due to hazardous decomposition products.
- Cooling: Cool containers exposed to heat with water spray to prevent rupture.
Related products
Acetic Acid Food Grade
Acetic acid food grade is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, pungent vinegar-like odor. It is a weak organic acid commonly used in the food industry as a preservative, flavoring agent, and acidity regulator. With the chemical formula CH₃COOH, food-grade acetic acid is typically found in concentrations of 4–6% in vinegar, though it can be produced at higher concentrations (up to 99%) and then diluted for food use. It is safe for consumption when used as directed and is classified as E260 under food additive codes.
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum Hydroxide, chemically known as Al(OH)₃, is a white, odorless, and odorless powder or gelatinous substance. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve indigestion and heartburn. Beyond healthcare, aluminum hydroxide is a crucial component in water purification, fire retardants, and as a precursor or filler in various industrial applications. It functions as a flame retardant by releasing water upon heating, thus cooling the material and diluting flammable gases. Due to its amphoteric nature, it can react both as an acid and base, enhancing its versatility. Aluminum hydroxide is often utilized in manufacturing aluminum salts and in producing aluminum oxide.
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate is a white crystalline solid or granular powder that is highly soluble in water. It is the ammonium salt of acetic acid and commonly appears as a colorless, odorless compound. Ammonium acetate is widely used in laboratories, chemical synthesis, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications due to its buffering capacity and ability to provide both ammonium and acetate ions in solution. It functions as a neutral salt and is valued for its role as a pH buffer, reagent, and stabilizer.
Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystalline powder or granules with a slightly alkaline taste and a characteristic ammoniacal odor. It is a white solid that decomposes readily on heating, releasing ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. It is widely used in the food industry as a leavening agent, in chemical synthesis, and in various industrial applications. Its unique property of decomposing to release gases makes it valuable for baking and other processes where gas release is desired.
Amphoteric
Amphoteric surfactants are unique surface-active agents that can act as either anionic or cationic surfactants depending on the pH of the solution. These molecules contain both acidic (carboxyl or sulfonic) and basic (amine or quaternary ammonium) functional groups, giving them high versatility, mildness, and compatibility with other surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants are widely used in personal care, household cleaning, industrial applications, pharmaceuticals, and specialty formulations where low irritation and effective cleansing are critical. Common examples include Cocamidopropyl Betaine and Lauryl Betaine.
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃) is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid known for its strong Lewis acid properties. It is a key catalyst widely used in organic synthesis, especially in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions. Due to its high reactivity with moisture, it must be stored and handled under strictly anhydrous conditions. Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride also finds applications in polymerization, pharmaceuticals, and the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals.
Apricot wax
Apricot Wax is a natural wax extracted from the kernels (seeds) of apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca). It is a light, pale yellow to amber-colored wax known for its emollient, moisturizing, and film-forming properties. Apricot Wax is valued in cosmetics and personal care formulations for providing texture, stability, and a smooth, non-greasy feel. It is biodegradable, skin-friendly, and often used as a natural alternative to synthetic waxes. Derived through cold-pressing or solvent extraction, it contains natural fatty acids, esters, and vitamin E, contributing to its nourishing effects. Apricot Wax is commonly used in lip balms, creams, lotions, hair care products, and pharmaceutical ointments.
Bating agent
Bating Agent is a biochemical preparation used primarily in the leather processing industry during the bating stage, which follows liming and deliming. It consists mainly of proteolytic enzymes (such as pancreatin, trypsin, or subtilisin) that break down non-collagenous proteins, hair residues, and unwanted tissue from hides and skins. This enzymatic treatment softens the leather, improves its texture and pliability, and prepares it for tanning. The bating process enhances the quality, uniformity, and appearance of the final leather product
