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Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃) is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid known for its strong Lewis acid properties. It is a key catalyst widely used in organic synthesis, especially in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions. Due to its high reactivity with moisture, it must be stored and handled under strictly anhydrous conditions. Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride also finds applications in polymerization, pharmaceuticals, and the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals.
Description
Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Uses
Primary Uses
- Catalyst in Chemical Industry
- Widely used as a Lewis acid catalyst in Friedel-Crafts reactions for alkylation, acylation, and polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Essential in the production of detergents, fragrances, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
- Petrochemical Processing
- Used in catalytic cracking and isomerization processes to improve fuel quality.
- Organic Synthesis
- Facilitates complex organic transformations such as chlorination, sulfonation, and polymerization.
Secondary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals
- Intermediate in manufacturing certain drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Electronics & Materials Science
- Employed in etching and surface treatment of metals.
- Water Treatment
- Sometimes used in wastewater treatment as a coagulating agent (less common than hydrated forms).
KEY ATTRIBUTES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Aluminum trichloride
- Common/Trade Name: Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride, Aluminum trichloride
- CAS Number: 7446-70-0
- HS Code: 2827.39.10
- Molecular Formula: AlCl₃
- Synonyms:
- Aluminum chloride anhydrous
- AlCl3
- Aluminum(III) chloride
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline solid (flakes, powder, or lumps)
- Color & Odor: White to pale yellow, pungent odor when moist
- Melting Point: 192.4°C (sublimes at higher temperatures)
- Boiling Point: 180°C (sublimes)
- Density: ~2.48 g/cm³
- Solubility: Reacts violently with water, forming hydrochloric acid and aluminum hydroxide; soluble in carbon disulfide and some organic solvents
- pH Level: Reacts to form acidic solutions on hydrolysis
- Vapor Pressure: Significant at elevated temperature due to sublimation
- Flash Point: Non-flammable
- Autoignition Temperature: N/A
- Reactivity: Highly reactive, especially with moisture and water
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Corrosive, causes severe skin burns and eye damage; reacts violently with water
- NFPA Ratings: Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 2
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL = 2 mg/m³ (as AlCl₃), ACGIH TLV similar
- Reactivity: Reacts violently with water, releasing heat and corrosive HCl gas
- Incompatibilities: Water, moisture, strong bases, oxidizers
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container under dry, inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen) away from moisture and humidity
- Container Type: Corrosion-resistant containers such as glass, plastic-lined steel drums
- Shelf Life: Stable if stored properly in moisture-free conditions
- Special Handling: Use in dry environments with moisture control; handle under fume hood or well-ventilated area; PPE required (gloves, goggles, respirator)
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status: Classified as hazardous chemical; complies with OSHA, REACH, and other chemical safety regulations
- Transportation: Classified as corrosive material (UN 2920) with special packaging and labeling requirements
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to hazardous waste regulations; neutralize before disposal
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life due to acidity and aluminum ion release
- Persistence: Decomposes in water but aluminum ions may persist
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic; corrosive effects predominate
- Biodegradability: Not applicable (inorganic salt)
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Wear acid-resistant gloves, chemical safety goggles, face shield, and protective clothing. Use NIOSH-approved respirators when dust or fumes are present.
- Handling: Avoid contact with moisture or water; handle in dry, well-ventilated areas or fume hoods. Prevent dust formation.
- Storage: Store in airtight containers, in cool, dry areas away from incompatible substances like water or bases.
- Hygiene: Wash thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke while using the chemical.
- Spill Handling: Avoid dust generation; use inert absorbents and neutralize spills with lime or sodium bicarbonate cautiously.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; administer oxygen if breathing is difficult; seek medical attention urgently.
- Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention.
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek urgent medical care.
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek emergency medical care immediately.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not flammable but reacts violently with water releasing corrosive HCl gas and heat.
- Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical powder, sand, or special Class D extinguishers; DO NOT use water.
- Special Precautions: Firefighters must wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) due to toxic fumes.
- Preventive Actions: Avoid exposure to moisture and maintain good ventilation.
Related products
Aluminium Silicate
Aluminium silicate is an inorganic compound composed of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen, often found naturally as a major component of clay minerals such as kaolinite, halloysite, and other aluminosilicates. It is a white to off-white powder with excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and physical durability. Due to its wide range of physicochemical properties—including high melting point, non-toxicity, and adsorptive capabilities—aluminium silicate is extensively used across diverse industries including ceramics, paints, paper, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Its unique structure imparts benefits such as heat resistance, improved mechanical strength, and anti-caking properties, making it a vital raw material in both industrial and consumer products.
Aluminum Ammonium Sulphate
Aluminum ammonium sulphate, commonly known as ammonium alum or ammonium aluminum sulfate, is a crystalline chemical compound consisting of aluminum, ammonium, and sulfate ions. It typically appears as a colorless or white crystalline solid with astringent properties. It is widely used for its excellent coagulating, clarifying, and antiseptic properties. Aluminum ammonium sulphate finds applications in water purification, cosmetics, food processing, textile dyeing, and pharmaceuticals. Its ability to precipitate impurities and act as a mordant makes it invaluable in industries requiring precise control of chemical reactions, such as in the preparation of baking powder and fireproof textiles.
Amethocaine HCL BP
Amethocaine Hydrochloride, also known as Tetracaine Hydrochloride, is a potent local anesthetic commonly used in medical and dental procedures to induce numbness or loss of sensation in targeted areas. It belongs to the ester class of local anesthetics and acts by blocking nerve signal transmission, preventing pain sensation. Amethocaine HCl BP is a crystalline white powder, highly soluble in water, and used in topical formulations such as creams, gels, sprays, and injections. Due to its rapid onset and intermediate duration of action, it is widely utilized for surface anesthesia before minor surgeries, endoscopic procedures, or dental treatments. It is approved by pharmacopeias including the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), ensuring compliance with quality and purity standards essential for pharmaceutical applications.
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate is a white crystalline solid or granular powder that is highly soluble in water. It is the ammonium salt of acetic acid and commonly appears as a colorless, odorless compound. Ammonium acetate is widely used in laboratories, chemical synthesis, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications due to its buffering capacity and ability to provide both ammonium and acetate ions in solution. It functions as a neutral salt and is valued for its role as a pH buffer, reagent, and stabilizer.
Atropine Sulphate
Atropine Sulphate is a crystalline, water-soluble alkaloid salt derived from the belladonna plant (Atropa belladonna) and other Solanaceae family members. It is a tropane alkaloid with potent anticholinergic properties, widely used in medicine for its ability to block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Atropine Sulphate is employed in ophthalmology, emergency medicine, and anesthesia for its effects on the eyes, heart, and smooth muscles. It acts by inhibiting parasympathetic nerve impulses, resulting in pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and reduced gland secretions.
Bating agent
Bating Agent is a biochemical preparation used primarily in the leather processing industry during the bating stage, which follows liming and deliming. It consists mainly of proteolytic enzymes (such as pancreatin, trypsin, or subtilisin) that break down non-collagenous proteins, hair residues, and unwanted tissue from hides and skins. This enzymatic treatment softens the leather, improves its texture and pliability, and prepares it for tanning. The bating process enhances the quality, uniformity, and appearance of the final leather product
Beta Carotene
Beta Carotene is a high-potency, oil-dispersible formulation of beta-carotene, a natural pigment and antioxidant belonging to the carotenoid family. It is widely used as a colorant and nutritional additive in food, beverages, and dietary supplements. This specific 30% formulation typically consists of 30% beta-carotene blended with stabilizers and carriers (often vegetable oil or gelatin) for improved dispersion and shelf life.
Bismuth subgallate
Bismuth Subgallate is a pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder composed of bismuth and gallic acid derivatives. It is widely used as an internal deodorant for controlling odor from flatulence and stool, especially in patients with gastrointestinal conditions or post-surgery stomas. It also serves as a mild astringent and has hemostatic properties, making it useful in wound care products. Due to its insolubility in water and stability, it is suited for oral and topical formulations.
