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Bismuth Subgallate
Bismuth Subgallate is a pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder composed of bismuth and gallic acid derivatives. It is widely used as an internal deodorant for controlling odor from flatulence and stool, especially in patients with gastrointestinal conditions or post-surgery stomas. It also serves as a mild astringent and has hemostatic properties, making it useful in wound care products. Due to its insolubility in water and stability, it is suited for oral and topical formulations.
Bismuth Subgallate
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals
- Used as an internal deodorant to reduce odor from flatulence and stool in patients with ostomies, fecal incontinence, or gastrointestinal disorders.
- Formulated in oral deodorizing tablets for post-surgical patients.
- Serves as a topical astringent in ointments and creams for minor cuts, abrasions, and ulcers.
- Used in wound dressings as a hemostatic agent to stop minor bleeding.
- Medical & Clinical
- Incorporated in hemorrhoid creams and suppositories for its soothing, anti-odor, and protective effects.
- Occasionally used in dental pastes to reduce oral odor and inflammation.
Secondary Uses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Used as a deodorizing and protective agent in animals with digestive or wound issues.
- Cosmetic & Hygiene
- Used in some antiperspirants and deodorants for odor control and skin astringency.
- Industrial Applications
- Rarely used as a component in odor-control formulations in specialized sanitation or medical environments.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Bismuth(3+) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
- Common/Trade Name: Bismuth Subgallate
- CAS Number: 99-26-3
- HS Code: 2833.29.00
- Molecular Formula: C7H5BiO6
- Synonyms:
- Basic bismuth gallate
- Bismuth(III) subgallate
- Subgallate of bismuth
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: Pale yellow; odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at ~223°C
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: ~1.1 g/cm³
- Solubility: Insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in mineral acids and alkaline solutions
- pH (in suspension): Slightly acidic
- Vapor Pressure: Negligible
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA/ACGIH limits; avoid dust inhalation
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; large doses may cause reversible darkening of tongue or stool
- Reactivity: Non-reactive under standard conditions; avoid strong acids and bases
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from moisture and light
- Container Type: Airtight, non-reactive containers (e.g., HDPE or amber glass)
- Shelf Life: Typically 3–5 years if properly stored
- Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE when handling powder
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Approved OTC internal deodorant
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Listed in USP, BP, and Ph. Eur.
- Transportation: Not regulated as hazardous
- Waste Disposal: Dispose as non-hazardous pharmaceutical waste in accordance with local regulations
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Minimal; low impact on aquatic life
- Persistence: Inorganic, does not biodegrade
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable; chemically inert in soil and water
Safety Handling Precautions
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves
- Dust mask or respirator
- Protective goggles
- Lab coat or apron
- Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust
- Work in well-ventilated areas
- Storage Measures:
- Keep container tightly closed
- Protect from humidity and direct sunlight
- Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if breathing difficulties persist.
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing.
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical advice if irritation continues.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if large quantities are ingested.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or water spray as appropriate for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA
- Decomposition Products: May emit bismuth and organic fumes under extreme heat
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