Gentamycin Sulphate

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Gentamycin Sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Micromonospora purpurea and Micromonospora griseorubida. It appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, with a characteristic aminoglycoside odor. Gentamycin Sulphate is widely used in human and veterinary medicine for its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against aerobic Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to bacterial cell death. Due to its effectiveness against severe infections and multi-drug resistant strains, it is an essential antibiotic in clinical settings.

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Category: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Tags: Antibiotic, Broad-spectrum antibiotic, Gentamycin Sulphate, Veterinary Antibiotic

Description

Table of Contents

Gentamycin Sulphate

Primary Uses

Medical and Veterinary Therapeutics

Used systemically (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous) to treat serious infections caused by susceptible strains, including septicemia, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, and skin infections.
Applied topically in ointments, creams, and eye drops for localized infections such as burns, wounds, otitis externa, and conjunctivitis.
Commonly combined with other antibiotics for synergistic effects in complicated infections, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Veterinary use includes treatment of bacterial infections in livestock, poultry, and companion animals, such as mastitis, respiratory diseases, and skin infections.

Pharmaceutical Industry

Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the manufacture of injectable solutions, topical formulations, ophthalmic preparations, and ear drops.
Incorporated in combination drug therapies to broaden antimicrobial spectrum and reduce resistance development.

Research and Development

Employed as a standard antibiotic in microbiological research for susceptibility testing and antimicrobial studies.
Used in development of new formulations and drug delivery systems including liposomal and nanoparticle carriers for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.

Secondary Uses

Agricultural Applications

Occasionally used in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases in fish farming (where permitted by regulations).

Industrial Microbiology

Used in contamination control in cell culture and bioprocessing environments.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name: Gentamycin Sulphate
Common/Trade Name: Gentamycin Sulphate
CAS Number: 1405-41-0
HS Code: 2941.30
Molecular Formula: Mixture of gentamicin components (C21H43N5O7·H2SO4 for sulfate salt)
Synonyms: Gentamicin Sulfate, Gentamycin Sulfate, Gentamicin Sulphate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder
Color & Odor: White to off-white; slight characteristic odor
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether
pH: Typically 3.0–5.5 (1% aqueous solution)
Stability: Stable under dry conditions; sensitive to light and heat; degrades in strong acidic or alkaline media

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; may cause respiratory sensitization and skin or eye irritation
Toxicity: Nephrotoxic and ototoxic potential at high doses or prolonged use; requires medical supervision
Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure limits vary; follow institutional safety guidelines

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers, protected from moisture, heat, and light
Container Type: Amber glass or plastic containers with moisture-proof sealing
Shelf Life: Typically 24 months under recommended storage
Handling Precautions: Use appropriate PPE to avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact; handle in well-ventilated areas

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Approved by WHO, FDA, EMA, and other global regulatory authorities for human and veterinary use
Listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Subject to prescription and controlled distribution due to antibiotic resistance concerns

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Slowly biodegradable; environmental persistence possible
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate significantly
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and mask recommended
Handling Guidelines: Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols; prevent skin and eye contact
Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible materials
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
Skin Contact: Wash immediately with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Not flammable; may decompose to produce toxic gases under fire conditions
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus
Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides@