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Metronidazole BP
Metronidazole BP is a benzoate ester derivative of metronidazole, used primarily as an antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent. It is a prodrug that hydrolyzes in the body to release metronidazole, making it more palatable for pediatric and geriatric oral suspensions. It complies with the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards for purity and efficacy.
Metronidazole BP
Primary Uses
- Antiprotozoal Therapy
- Treatment of amoebiasis (intestinal and hepatic).
- Management of giardiasis (Giardia lamblia infections).
- Used in trichomoniasis (vaginal and urethral infections).
- Antibacterial Therapy
- Active against anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides, Clostridium).
- Used in bacterial vaginosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
- Prophylaxis in colorectal and gynecological surgeries.
- Helicobacter pylori Eradication
- Part of triple/quadruple therapy for peptic ulcers.
Secondary Uses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Treatment of anaerobic infections in dogs and cats.
- Used in fish farming to control protozoan parasites.
- Dermatology
- Topical formulations for rosacea and acneiform eruptions.
- Dental Infections
- Adjunct therapy for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol benzoate
- Common/Trade Name: Metronidazole Benzoate BP
- CAS Number: 13182-89-3
- HS Code: 2933.29.90 (Other heterocyclic compounds)
- Synonyms: Metronidazole benzoate ester; Flagyl benzoate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White to pale yellow crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: Odorless or faint characteristic odor
- Melting Point: ~98–102°C
- Solubility:
- Slightly soluble in water
- Freely soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform
- pH: Neutral (~6.0–7.5 in suspension)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- H302 (Harmful if swallowed)
- H315 (Causes skin irritation)
- H319 (Causes serious eye irritation)
- H335 (May cause respiratory irritation)
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; avoid prolonged exposure
- Exposure Limits: No specific OEL; handle as pharmaceutical powder
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store in tightly sealed containers at ≤25°C.
- Protect from light and moisture.
- Container Type: Amber glass or HDPE containers.
- Shelf Life: Typically 24–36 months if stored properly.
- Handling Precautions:
- Use gloves, mask, and goggles.
- Avoid dust formation.
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with:
- British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards.
- USP/NF (if applicable for formulations).
- ICH Q7 (GMP for APIs).
- Regulatory Status:
- Prescription-only drug in most countries.
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable.
- Ecotoxicity: Low risk; no significant bioaccumulation.
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
- Not classified (metronidazole is a possible carcinogen with chronic exposure).
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required:
- Nitrile gloves, dust mask, lab coat, safety goggles.
- Handling Guidelines:
- Use in well-ventilated areas.
- Avoid contact with skin/eyes.
- Storage Measures:
- Keep away from strong oxidizers.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical help if irritation persists.
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing.
- Eye Contact: Rinse with water for 15 mins; consult ophthalmologist.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do NOT induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may decompose at high temperatures.
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, CO₂, or dry chemical.
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), CO, CO₂.
Related products
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
Chlorpheniramine Maleate is a first-generation alkylamine antihistamine used primarily to relieve allergy symptoms by blocking H1 histamine receptors. It appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, freely soluble in water and alcohol. Known for rapid onset and moderate duration of action, it’s widely formulated in pharmaceuticals. It also exhibits mild anticholinergic and sedative effects.
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent used primarily to relieve smooth muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract. It works by blocking muscarinic receptors, thereby reducing muscle contractions and spasms, which helps alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel disorders. It is commonly available in oral tablets, capsules, and injectable formulations.
Diphenhydramine HCL BP
Diphenhydramine HCL BP is a first-generation antihistamine with potent anticholinergic, sedative, and antiemetic properties. It is commonly used to relieve symptoms associated with allergies, hay fever, the common cold, and motion sickness. Diphenhydramine HCL is a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, making it suitable for oral, topical, and injectable pharmaceutical formulations. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it causes sedation and is often used as a sleep aid and for managing Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
Doxycycline Hyclate BP
Doxycycline Hyclate BP is a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic tetracycline-class antibiotic available as the hemihydrate salt form of doxycycline. It is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations due to its high bioavailability, broad antibacterial activity, and favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The compound exhibits bacteriostatic action by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, making it effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms as well as atypical pathogens. It is typically supplied as a fine, white to off-white crystalline powder soluble in water and suitable for oral and parenteral dosage forms.
Gentamycin Sulphate
Gentamycin Sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Micromonospora purpurea and Micromonospora griseorubida. It appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, with a characteristic aminoglycoside odor. Gentamycin Sulphate is widely used in human and veterinary medicine for its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against aerobic Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to bacterial cell death. Due to its effectiveness against severe infections and multi-drug resistant strains, it is an essential antibiotic in clinical settings.
Ichthammol BP98
Ichthammol BP98, also known as ammonium bituminosulfonate, is a dark brown to black, viscous, sulfur-rich, semi-solid substance derived from the distillation of shale or bituminous rocks. It has a characteristic tar-like odor and is highly valued in pharmaceutical and dermatological applications for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antipruritic (anti-itch), and keratolytic properties. Ichthammol penetrates deeply into the skin and soft tissues, helping to alleviate inflammation and promote healing. It is widely used in topical preparations for treating skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, boils, abscesses, and other dermatological infections.
Methyl Salicylate BP
Methyl Salicylate BP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a characteristic strong, sweet, and minty odor. It is an organic ester commonly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and flavoring properties. Methyl Salicylate is widely used in pharmaceutical preparations, topical pain relief products, cosmetics, and as a fragrance ingredient.
Piperazine Citrate BP
Piperazine Citrate BP is a pharmaceutical-grade anthelmintic compound used primarily for the treatment of intestinal worm infections, especially ascariasis (roundworms) and enterobiasis (pinworms). It works by paralyzing the worms, allowing them to be expelled naturally from the body through bowel movements. Piperazine Citrate is included in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and is known for its safety, efficacy, and wide use in both human and veterinary medicine.
