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Chlorobutanol BP
Chlorobutanol BP (also known as 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) is a white crystalline solid or powder, with a slight camphor-like odor and a bitter taste. It is a multifunctional preservative, anesthetic, and antimicrobial agent commonly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products. Chlorobutanol exhibits bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, making it effective in preventing microbial contamination in aqueous formulations. It also possesses mild local anesthetic effects, frequently used in ophthalmic and injectable preparations as a preservative and stabilizer.
Chlorobutanol BP
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals
- Used as a preservative in injectable formulations, ophthalmic solutions, and other sterile products to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.
- Acts as a local anesthetic in topical and ophthalmic applications to reduce pain and irritation.
- Employed in cough syrups and nasal sprays for its antimicrobial and preservative properties.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Incorporated in skin creams, lotions, and eye drops as a preservative to enhance shelf life.
- Used in formulations requiring antimicrobial protection without strong odors or irritation.
Secondary Uses
- Laboratory & Research
- Utilized as a standard chemical reagent for analytical and pharmaceutical research.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Applied as a preservative and anesthetic agent in veterinary injectables and topical formulations.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
- Common/Trade Name: Chlorobutanol BP
- CAS Number: 75-36-5
- HS Code: 2933.59.90
- Molecular Formula: C4H6Cl3O
- Synonyms:
- Chlorobutanol
- Trichlorbutanol
- Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Solid crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; mild camphor-like odor
- Melting Point: 69–72°C
- Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
- Density: 1.59 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (~0.55% at 20°C); freely soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to heat and light
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed or inhaled; irritant to skin and eyes
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limit established; avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; may cause irritation to mucous membranes and skin
- Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; avoid strong oxidizers
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and direct sunlight
- Container Type: Sealed amber glass bottles or plastic containers resistant to chemical attack
- Shelf Life: Up to 3 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Use gloves, goggles, and protective clothing; handle in well-ventilated areas
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Pharmacopoeial Status: Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards
- FDA Status: Approved for use as a preservative in pharmaceutical formulations
- REACH Status: Registered under EU regulations
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental regulations; avoid environmental release
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate toxicity to aquatic life; avoid environmental discharge
- Persistence: Degrades slowly in the environment
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate significantly
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Moderate biodegradability under aerobic conditions
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and respiratory protection if dust or vapors are present
- Handling: Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes
- Storage: Keep container tightly closed and away from incompatible materials
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash affected area with plenty of water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible under fire conditions; may release toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other toxic fumes
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