Chlorobutanol BP

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Chlorobutanol BP (also known as 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) is a white crystalline solid or powder, with a slight camphor-like odor and a bitter taste. It is a multifunctional preservative, anesthetic, and antimicrobial agent commonly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products. Chlorobutanol exhibits bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, making it effective in preventing microbial contamination in aqueous formulations. It also possesses mild local anesthetic effects, frequently used in ophthalmic and injectable preparations as a preservative and stabilizer.

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Categories: Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Excipients Tags: Chlorobutanol BP, Colorless crystalline solid, Injection formulations, Pharmaceutical preservative, Preservative agent, Trichlorobutanol

Description

Table of Contents

Chlorobutanol BP

Primary Uses

Pharmaceuticals

Used as a preservative in injectable formulations, ophthalmic solutions, and other sterile products to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.
Acts as a local anesthetic in topical and ophthalmic applications to reduce pain and irritation.
Employed in cough syrups and nasal sprays for its antimicrobial and preservative properties.

Cosmetics & Personal Care

Incorporated in skin creams, lotions, and eye drops as a preservative to enhance shelf life.
Used in formulations requiring antimicrobial protection without strong odors or irritation.

Secondary Uses

Laboratory & Research

Utilized as a standard chemical reagent for analytical and pharmaceutical research.

Veterinary Medicine

Applied as a preservative and anesthetic agent in veterinary injectables and topical formulations.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
Common/Trade Name: Chlorobutanol BP
CAS Number: 75-36-5
HS Code: 2933.59.90
Molecular Formula: C4H6Cl3O
Synonyms:
- Chlorobutanol
- Trichlorbutanol
- Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Solid crystalline powder
Color & Odor: White to off-white; mild camphor-like odor
Melting Point: 69–72°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.59 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (~0.55% at 20°C); freely soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to heat and light

Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed or inhaled; irritant to skin and eyes
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 1
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limit established; avoid inhalation and skin contact
Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; may cause irritation to mucous membranes and skin
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; avoid strong oxidizers

Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and direct sunlight
Container Type: Sealed amber glass bottles or plastic containers resistant to chemical attack
Shelf Life: Up to 3 years if stored properly
Special Handling: Use gloves, goggles, and protective clothing; handle in well-ventilated areas

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Pharmacopoeial Status: Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards
FDA Status: Approved for use as a preservative in pharmaceutical formulations
REACH Status: Registered under EU regulations
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions
Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental regulations; avoid environmental release

Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate toxicity to aquatic life; avoid environmental discharge
Persistence: Degrades slowly in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate significantly
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

Biodegradability: Moderate biodegradability under aerobic conditions

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and respiratory protection if dust or vapors are present
Handling: Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes
Storage: Keep container tightly closed and away from incompatible materials
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash affected area with plenty of water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Combustible under fire conditions; may release toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus

Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other toxic fumes