Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
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Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) is a bright blue crystalline solid widely used as a chemical reagent, agricultural fungicide, and analytical reagent. It consists of copper, sulfur, oxygen, and water molecules, forming a distinctive pentahydrate structure. This inorganic salt is highly soluble in water, exhibiting antifungal, algaecidal, and bactericidal properties. Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate is extensively employed in agriculture, industry, and laboratory applications due to its effectiveness, affordability, and well-understood chemistry.
Description
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Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
Primary Uses
- Agriculture
- Used as a fungicide and bactericide to control fungal diseases like downy mildew, leaf spots, and blights on crops such as grapes, potatoes, tomatoes, and fruit trees.
- Employed as a herbicide and algaecide in water bodies, irrigation canals, and reservoirs to manage algae and unwanted aquatic plants.
- Acts as a micronutrient fertilizer supplying essential copper for plant growth and enzymatic functions.
- Industrial Applications
- Utilized in electroplating processes as a source of copper ions for copper deposition on metals.
- Used in mining and metal processing for flotation of ores and as a chemical intermediate.
- Applied in textile and leather industries for dyeing and as a mordant.
- Employed in corrosion control and water treatment formulations.
Secondary Uses
- Laboratory and Analytical Chemistry
- Used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for qualitative and quantitative copper assays.
- Applied in Benedict’s and Fehling’s solutions for testing reducing sugars.
- Serves as a component in wetting agents and catalysts.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Occasionally used in trace amounts in animal feed to provide copper nutrition.
- Used as an antiseptic in footbaths for livestock to prevent infections.
- Educational and Miscellaneous
- Commonly used in school chemistry demonstrations and crystal-growing experiments due to its vibrant color and crystalline structure.
- Utilized in some artisanal crafts and pigments.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
- Common/Trade Name: Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
- CAS Number: 7758-99-8
- HS Code: 2833.11.00
- Molecular Formula: CuSO₄·5H₂O
- Synonyms:
- Blue vitriol
- Bluestone
- Copper sulfate pentahydrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline solid
- Color & Odor: Bright blue crystals; odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at 110°C (loss of water)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
- Density: 2.284 g/cm³
- Solubility: Soluble in water (~317 g/L at 20°C); insoluble in alcohol and ether
- pH (1% solution): 4.5 - 5.5
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to moisture and heat
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; hazardous to aquatic life
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL; use dust control measures
- Toxicity: Toxic if ingested or inhaled in large amounts; corrosive to eyes and skin
- Reactivity: Stable but reacts with strong reducing agents and bases
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances like strong bases and reducing agents
- Container Type: Sealed polyethylene or metal drums/containers
- Shelf Life: Up to 3-5 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE; prevent contact with skin and eyes
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- EPA Registration: Registered as a pesticide for agricultural use
- REACH Status: Registered and regulated in the EU
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions
- Waste Disposal: Dispose in accordance with local environmental regulations; avoid release into waterways
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms with long-lasting effects; avoid discharge into the environment
- Persistence: Moderately persistent in soil and water
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Biodegradability: Inorganic salt; not biodegradable but can be immobilized in soils
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
-
afety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing
- Use dust mask or respirator in dusty conditions
Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin or eyes
- Use in well-ventilated areas
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling
Storage Measures:
- Keep container tightly closed and dry
- Store away from incompatible substances such as alkalis and organic materials
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Remove contaminated clothing promptly
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; if symptoms develop, seek medical attention
- Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of water and soap; remove contaminated clothing; get medical help if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek emergency medical help immediately
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but can decompose at high temperatures producing toxic fumes
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Decomposition Products: Copper oxides, sulfur oxides
Related products
Ammonium Cupric Chloride
Ammonium Cupric Chloride is a blue-green crystalline inorganic compound composed of copper, ammonium, and chloride ions. It is widely used as a source of copper in agricultural fungicides and bactericides, as well as in electroplating, chemical synthesis, and textile dyeing. Its antimicrobial properties make it valuable for controlling fungal and bacterial infections in plants. Additionally, it serves as a precursor in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Cupric Sulphate Anhydrous
Cupric Sulphate Anhydrous (Copper(II) sulfate, anhydrous form) is a blue to green crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. It is an inorganic compound consisting of copper, sulfur, and oxygen with the formula CuSO₄. Unlike its hydrated counterpart (CuSO₄·5H₂O), the anhydrous form contains no water molecules. It is widely used in agriculture, industry, and chemical manufacturing due to its fungicidal, algicidal, and chemical reactivity properties. The compound serves as a precursor to many copper salts and catalysts.
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate dibasic, is an inorganic salt widely used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and food additive. It appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder or granules that are highly soluble in water and alkaline in nature. It plays a crucial role in maintaining pH balance, stabilizing formulations, and supplying essential sodium and phosphate ions in various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and agriculture.
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O)
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate is the hydrated form of disodium hydrogen phosphate, a white crystalline powder commonly used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and sequestrant. The dihydrate form contains two water molecules per formula unit, which affects its physical properties such as melting point and solubility. It is widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, water treatment, and industrial processes to maintain pH stability, improve texture, and supply essential sodium and phosphate ions.
Hydrofluoric Acid HF
Hydrofluoric Acid HF is a highly corrosive aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas dissolved in water. It is a colorless to pale yellow fuming liquid with a strong pungent odor. Unlike other mineral acids, HF is a weak acid chemically but uniquely reactive due to its ability to dissolve silica and glass, and penetrate tissues deeply. This makes it invaluable in numerous industrial, laboratory, and specialized applications but also highly hazardous.
Industrial Salt
Industrial Salt, chemically known as Sodium Chloride (NaCl), is a high-purity crystalline compound widely used across industrial, chemical, agricultural, and water treatment applications. It appears as white to off-white crystalline granules or powder, depending on the grade and particle size. Industrial Salt is an essential raw material in numerous chemical processes, including chlor-alkali production, de-icing, textile dyeing, and water softening. Its versatility and cost-effectiveness make it indispensable in large-scale operations.
Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate
Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula MnSO₄·H₂O. It appears as a pale pink crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water. It is primarily used as a source of manganese, an essential micronutrient, in fertilizers, animal feed, and industrial processes. This monohydrate form is the most stable and commonly used in agriculture and feed-grade applications. It also finds use in various chemical syntheses, electroplating, and as a reagent in laboratories.
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Nitrate is a white crystalline salt commonly known as saltpeter. It is a key oxidizing agent widely used in fertilizers, food preservation, pyrotechnics, and chemical manufacturing. Potassium Nitrate provides essential potassium and nitrogen nutrients in agriculture and acts as a source of oxygen in combustion reactions. Its stability and solubility make it valuable across various industries from agriculture to explosives.

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