Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate

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Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) is a bright blue crystalline solid widely used as a chemical reagent, agricultural fungicide, and analytical reagent. It consists of copper, sulfur, oxygen, and water molecules, forming a distinctive pentahydrate structure. This inorganic salt is highly soluble in water, exhibiting antifungal, algaecidal, and bactericidal properties. Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate is extensively employed in agriculture, industry, and laboratory applications due to its effectiveness, affordability, and well-understood chemistry.

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Categories: Fertilizers, Leaching Agents, Pesticides (Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides) Tags: Agricultural fungicide and pesticide, Algaecide in water treatment, Animal feed supplement, Blue crystalline powder, Copper sulphate pentahydrate, Inorganic salt

Description

Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate Uses

Primary Uses

Agriculture

Used as a fungicide and bactericide to control fungal diseases like downy mildew, leaf spots, and blights on crops such as grapes, potatoes, tomatoes, and fruit trees.
Employed as a herbicide and algaecide in water bodies, irrigation canals, and reservoirs to manage algae and unwanted aquatic plants.
Acts as a micronutrient fertilizer supplying essential copper for plant growth and enzymatic functions.

Industrial Applications

Utilized in electroplating processes as a source of copper ions for copper deposition on metals.
Used in mining and metal processing for flotation of ores and as a chemical intermediate.
Applied in textile and leather industries for dyeing and as a mordant.
Employed in corrosion control and water treatment formulations.

Secondary Uses

Laboratory and Analytical Chemistry

Used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for qualitative and quantitative copper assays.
Applied in Benedict’s and Fehling’s solutions for testing reducing sugars.
Serves as a component in wetting agents and catalysts.

Veterinary Medicine

Occasionally used in trace amounts in animal feed to provide copper nutrition.
Used as an antiseptic in footbaths for livestock to prevent infections.

Educational and Miscellaneous

Commonly used in school chemistry demonstrations and crystal-growing experiments due to its vibrant color and crystalline structure.

Utilized in some artisanal crafts and pigments.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Common/Trade Name: Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
HS Code: 2833.11.00
Molecular Formula: CuSO₄·5H₂O
Synonyms:
- Blue vitriol
- Bluestone
- Copper sulfate pentahydrate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline solid
Color & Odor: Bright blue crystals; odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes at 110°C (loss of water)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Density: 2.284 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water (~317 g/L at 20°C); insoluble in alcohol and ether
pH (1% solution): 4.5 - 5.5
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to moisture and heat

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; hazardous to aquatic life
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL; use dust control measures
Toxicity: Toxic if ingested or inhaled in large amounts; corrosive to eyes and skin
Reactivity: Stable but reacts with strong reducing agents and bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances like strong bases and reducing agents
Container Type: Sealed polyethylene or metal drums/containers
Shelf Life: Up to 3-5 years if stored properly
Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE; prevent contact with skin and eyes

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

EPA Registration: Registered as a pesticide for agricultural use
REACH Status: Registered and regulated in the EU
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions
Waste Disposal: Dispose in accordance with local environmental regulations; avoid release into waterways

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms with long-lasting effects; avoid discharge into the environment
Persistence: Moderately persistent in soil and water
Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

Biodegradability: Inorganic salt; not biodegradable but can be immobilized in soils

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

afety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing
Use dust mask or respirator in dusty conditions

Handling Measures:

Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin or eyes
Use in well-ventilated areas
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling

Storage Measures:

Keep container tightly closed and dry
Store away from incompatible substances such as alkalis and organic materials

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Remove contaminated clothing promptly

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; if symptoms develop, seek medical attention
Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of water and soap; remove contaminated clothing; get medical help if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek emergency medical help immediately

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but can decompose at high temperatures producing toxic fumes
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Decomposition Products: Copper oxides, sulfur oxides