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Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Name: Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) - Amaris Chemical Solutions
Price: 0.86 USD
Availability: InStock

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Hydrochloric Acid is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. It is a strong, highly corrosive mineral acid with a sharp, pungent odor. The chemical formula is HCl with a molecular weight of 36.46 g/mol. Hydrochloric Acid is completely miscible with water and many organic solvents. It is non-flammable but extremely corrosive to metals and human tissue. Technical grade Hydrochloric Acid is manufactured for industrial applications including chemical manufacturing, steel pickling, oil well acidizing, water treatment, and pH adjustment. It is available in various concentrations, typically ranging from 30% to 38% by weight.

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Description

Table of Contents

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Primary Uses

1. Steel Pickling and Metal Processing

Removes rust, scale, and oxide layers from steel and iron surfaces prior to galvanizing, coating, or further processing
Used in metal cleaning and degreasing operations for ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Applied in aluminum etching and surface preparation for anodizing
Used in titanium dioxide production from ilmenite ore
Applied in precious metal recovery and refining processes
Used in electroplating bath preparation and metal surface activation

2. Oil and Gas Chemicals

Used in well acidizing to dissolve rock formations (limestone and dolomite) and increase oil and gas flow
Applied in oil well stimulation and matrix acidizing treatments
Used in formation cleaning and removal of drilling mud damage
Applied in scale removal from wellbore and production equipment
Used in acid fracturing operations to create conductive channels in reservoirs

3. Chemical Manufacturing

Raw material for producing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), the precursor to PVC plastic
Used in the production of ferric chloride for water treatment and etching
Applied in the synthesis of calcium chloride for deicing and dust control
Used in the production of bisphenol A for epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics
Applied in activated carbon production and regeneration
Used in the manufacture of chlorine dioxide for bleaching
Applied in the synthesis of various organic and inorganic chlorides

4. Water Treatment Chemicals

Used for pH adjustment and neutralization of alkaline water and wastewater
Applied in demineralization of water for boiler feed and industrial processes
Used for regeneration of cation exchange resins in water softening systems
Applied in reverse osmosis system cleaning and maintenance
Used in municipal drinking water treatment for pH control
Applied in industrial process water treatment for scale prevention
Used in swimming pool water pH adjustment

5. Cleaning and Detergent Chemicals

Used in industrial and household cleaners including toilet bowl cleaners, tile cleaners, and concrete cleaners
Applied in scale removal from boilers, heat exchangers, and cooling towers
Used in masonry cleaning and efflorescence removal from brick and concrete surfaces
Applied in dairy and food processing equipment cleaning
Used in membrane cleaning for desalination and water treatment plants

Secondary Uses

1. Food and Beverage Chemicals

Used in the production of food-grade additives including high fructose corn syrup, citric acid, and hydrolyzed vegetable protein
Applied in brewing and sugar refining processes for pH adjustment
Used in gelatin production and processing
Applied in corn wet milling for starch and glucose production
Used in the production of soy sauce and other fermented products

2. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Used in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
Applied in pH adjustment during drug manufacturing and formulation
Used in the production of vitamins and amino acids
Applied in purification processes for pharmaceutical compounds

3. Laboratory Chemicals

Used as a common laboratory reagent for acid-base titrations and pH adjustment
Applied in sample digestion for analytical chemistry
Used in cleaning and decontamination of laboratory glassware
Applied in the preparation of buffer solutions and chemical standards

4. Leather Processing Chemicals

Used in leather tanning and processing for pH adjustment and hide conditioning
Applied in deliming operations to remove lime from hides
Used in leather finishing and dyeing processes

5. Textile Chemicals

Used in textile processing for pH adjustment and fabric treatment
Applied in dyeing operations to control dye uptake and fixation
Used in fabric finishing and desizing processes

6. Construction Chemicals

Used in concrete surface etching and preparation before coating or sealing
Applied in masonry cleaning and restoration of historic buildings
Used in swimming pool surface cleaning and pH adjustment
Applied in well drilling and grouting operations

7. Mining Chemicals

Used in ore processing and mineral extraction operations
Applied in uranium leaching and recovery processes
Used in rare earth element extraction and purification
Applied in coal processing and beneficiation

8. Rubber Processing Chemicals

Used in latex coagulation in natural rubber processing
Applied in rubber reclaiming and devulcanization processes

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Hydrogen chloride (aqueous solution)
Common/Trade Name: Hydrochloric Acid; Muriatic Acid; HCl
CAS Number: 7647-01-0
HS Code: 2806.10
EINECS Number: 231-595-7
Molecular Formula: HCl
Molecular Weight: 36.46 g/mol
Synonyms: Muriatic acid, Spirits of salt, Chlorohydric acid, Hydrogen chloride aqueous

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Clear liquid
Color & Odor: Colorless to light yellow; sharp, pungent, irritating odor
Concentration: 30% to 38% typical (technical grade); up to 40% available
Density: 1.14 to 1.19 g/cm³ at 20°C (depending on concentration)
Boiling Point: 48°C to 110°C (depends on concentration)
Melting Point: -26°C to -46°C (depends on concentration)
pH: Highly acidic (< 1 at typical concentrations)
Vapor Pressure: High (fumes strongly in air)
Solubility: Completely miscible with water; soluble in alcohol and ether
Viscosity: Low (similar to water)
Refractive Index: 1.340 to 1.370 (depending on concentration)

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:
- H290: May be corrosive to metals
- H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H335: May cause respiratory irritation
Toxicity: Corrosive; ingestion or inhalation can cause severe internal injury
Irritation: Severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
Flammability: Non-flammable
Reactivity: Reacts violently with bases, alkalis, and many metals producing flammable hydrogen gas
Corrosivity: Extremely corrosive to most metals and human tissue

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep containers tightly sealed. Store in corrosion-resistant secondary containment.
Container Type: PVC-lined steel drums, HDPE drums, rubber-lined tankers, fiberglass tanks, or bulk storage tanks
Shelf Life: 12 to 24 months when stored under recommended conditions (concentration stable)
Handling Precautions: Always add acid to water, never water to acid; use with adequate ventilation or local exhaust; avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing; avoid breathing mists or vapors; wear appropriate personal protective equipment
Storage Measures: Store away from incompatible materials including bases, alkalis, oxidizing agents, and metals; separate storage area with containment dikes; maintain moderate temperature conditions

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- TSCA (USA): Listed
- DSL (Canada): Listed
- EINECS: 231-595-7
- REACH: Registered for industrial use
- FDA: Approved for food processing applications under good manufacturing practices
Labeling Requirements: Must carry GHS corrosion and health hazard pictograms; specific labeling for concentration and safety warnings
Transport Classification:
- UN Number: 1789
- Class: 8 (Corrosive)
- Packing Group: II
Use Restrictions: Not for direct human consumption; requires food grade certification for food applications

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Inorganic acid; does not biodegrade; neutralizes in natural waters
Ecotoxicity: Low pH causes acute toxicity to aquatic life; neutralization required before discharge
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Environmental Fate: Dilutes and neutralizes in natural waters; reacts with soil minerals

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

1. Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Chemical splash goggles or full-face shield; acid-resistant gloves (neoprene, butyl rubber, or PVC); acid-resistant apron or full protective suit; respiratory protection with acid gas cartridges if ventilation is inadequate; acid-resistant boots
Handling Guidelines: Always add acid to water slowly with stirring (never water to acid); use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation; avoid generating mists or aerosols; do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas; wash hands thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing immediately and launder before reuse; have eyewash stations and safety showers accessible
Storage Measures: Store in original, labeled containers with tight-fitting, acid-resistant lids; secondary containment required for bulk storage; keep away from bases, alkalis, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals; store in dedicated corrosive storage area
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; shower at the end of each work shift; do not take contaminated clothing home; wash protective equipment before reuse

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If not breathing, perform artificial respiration. Seek immediate medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least fifteen minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Wash with soap and water. Seek immediate medical attention.
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least fifteen minutes while holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs naturally, keep head low to prevent aspiration. Drink milk or several glasses of water. Do not give carbonated beverages. Seek immediate medical attention.

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable. Reacts with metals to produce flammable hydrogen gas which may form explosive mixtures. Contact with water may generate heat.
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool exposed containers but avoid direct contact with acid.
Special Firefighting Procedures: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); use water spray to cool exposed containers; contain firefighting runoff to prevent environmental contamination; fight fire from protected location or maximum distance
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine gas (when heated to decomposition)