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Fatty Acid
Fatty acids are a group of carboxylic acids consisting of long aliphatic chains, which can be either saturated or unsaturated. They are typically derived from natural fats and oils through hydrolysis or saponification and appear as colorless to pale yellow liquids or solids depending on the chain length and degree of saturation. Fatty acids are fundamental building blocks in biochemistry and industrial chemistry, serving as raw materials in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, lubricants, cosmetics, plastics, and food additives. Their amphiphilic nature—containing both hydrophilic (carboxyl group) and hydrophobic (alkyl chain) components—makes them versatile for various chemical and industrial applications.
Description
Fatty Acid
Primary Uses
- Soap and Detergent Industry
- Serve as key raw materials in soap making through saponification with alkalis.
- Used in production of synthetic detergents and surfactants due to their excellent emulsifying and cleaning properties.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Incorporated in creams, lotions, and hair care products as emollients, moisturizers, and conditioning agents.
- Act as emulsifiers and stabilizers in formulations.
- Provide texture, spreadability, and skin compatibility.
- Lubricants and Greases
- Used in manufacturing metalworking lubricants, greases, and release agents.
- Provide lubricity and corrosion protection in mechanical systems.
- Food Industry
- Employed as food additives (e.g., emulsifiers, stabilizers).
- Used in production of flavorings and preservatives.
- Serve as precursors to edible fats and oils modification.
- Plastics and Polymers
- Used as plasticizers and additives in polymer production.
- Serve as raw materials in the synthesis of bioplastics and resins.
- Pharmaceuticals
- Utilized as excipients in topical formulations and capsules.
- Serve as intermediates for synthesis of medicinal compounds.
Secondary Uses
- Textile Industry
- Used as lubricants and softeners during fiber processing and finishing.
- Agriculture
- Incorporated in pesticide formulations as adjuvants and wetting agents.
- Paints and Coatings
- Used as additives to improve flow, drying properties, and surface finish.
- Rubber Industry
- Serve as processing aids and vulcanization accelerators.
KEY ATTRIBUTES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Fatty acids (general formula: R–COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain)
- Common/Trade Name: Fatty Acid
- CAS Number: Varies widely by specific fatty acid (e.g., Palmitic acid 57-10-3, Oleic acid 112-80-1)
- HS Code: 3823.11.00 (for fatty acids and their salts and esters)
- Molecular Formula: Variable (e.g., C16H32O2 for Palmitic acid)
- Synonyms: Carboxylic acids, aliphatic acids
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Liquid or solid (wax-like) depending on chain length and saturation
- Color: Colorless to pale yellow
- Odor: Characteristic mild to fatty odor
- Melting Point: Varies from below 0°C (unsaturated fatty acids) to >60°C (saturated fatty acids)
- Boiling Point: Typically >200°C (decomposes before boiling for longer chains)
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents and oils
- pH: Acidic (due to carboxyl group)
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; prone to oxidation in presence of air/light (especially unsaturated types)
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Generally not hazardous; slight irritant to skin and eyes
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; safe for use in food and cosmetics at regulated levels
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits; use standard industrial hygiene practices
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition
- Container Type: Steel drums, plastic containers, or bulk tanks
- Shelf Life: Typically 12–24 months depending on storage and antioxidant presence
- Handling Precautions: Avoid prolonged skin contact and inhalation of vapors or aerosols
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food and cosmetics
- REACH Registration: Registered under EU chemical regulations for industrial and consumer uses
- Compliance: Meets applicable standards for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic grade fatty acids
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Low aquatic toxicity at normal use concentrations
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Protective gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Safety goggles or face shield
- Protective clothing if handling in bulk or molten form
- Respiratory protection if aerosols or vapors are generated
- Handling Guidelines:
- Use in well-ventilated areas
- Avoid inhalation of vapors or aerosols and prolonged skin contact
- Prevent contamination of food or feed materials when used in industrial settings
- Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed when not in use
- Store away from strong oxidizers, acids, and bases
- Protect from moisture and excessive heat
- Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands after handling
- Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in handling areas
- Clean equipment and surfaces regularly
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation:
- Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs
- Skin Contact:
- Wash affected area with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Eye Contact:
- Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation continues
- Ingestion:
- Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention if large quantities ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards:
- Combustible; can burn with a yellow smoky flame producing carbon monoxide and dioxide
- Extinguishing Media:
- Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray
- Special Precautions:
- Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
- Decomposition Products:
- Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and potentially irritating fumes
Related products
Almond Wax
Almond Wax is a plant-based wax derived from almond oil, typically used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is known for its emollient (moisturizing) properties, helping to soften and smooth the skin. Almond wax is rich in fatty acids and vitamin E, making it suitable for sensitive or dry skin. It is often used as a natural alternative to synthetic waxes in formulations like lip balms, creams, and lotions. Additionally, it provides a smooth texture and helps to stabilize emulsions in skincare products.
Arabic Gum
Arabic Gum, also known as Gum Acacia, is a natural gum harvested from the sap of Acacia trees, primarily Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal. It is a complex mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, valued for its excellent emulsifying, stabilizing, and thickening properties. Arabic Gum is water-soluble, forms clear solutions, and is widely used in the food industry as a stabilizer and emulsifier. Additionally, it finds applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printing industries due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and versatility.
Camelina
Camelina (Camelina sativa), also known as false flax or gold-of-pleasure, is an ancient oilseed crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It produces small, golden-brown seeds that are rich in oil content, typically around 30-40%. The oil extracted from Camelina seeds is prized for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds, making it valuable in food, feed, cosmetic, and industrial applications. Camelina oil has a mild, nutty flavor and a favorable fatty acid profile including linolenic acid, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional vegetable oils. The crop is noted for its short growing season, low input requirements, and adaptability to marginal soils and climates.
Diethanolamine
Diethanolamine is a colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid with a mild ammonia-like odor. It is a secondary amine and diol, widely used in various industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. DEA is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents. It acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, and pharmaceuticals. It is valued for its alkalinity, emulsifying properties, and ability to form stable complexes with fatty acids.
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl Phthalate 99% is a high-purity, colorless, oily liquid with a faint, sweet aromatic odor. With a minimum of 99% active content, DEP 99% is a trusted solvent and plasticizer that offers excellent stability, low volatility, and high compatibility with a wide range of organic and polymeric materials. It is widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, plastics, coatings, and fragrance industries where purity is critical for both performance and safety. Its mild toxicological profile and solvency characteristics make it a versatile component in numerous sensitive and industrial applications.
Distilled Monoglycerides DMG
Distilled Monoglycerides DMG are purified monoglycerides derived from the glycerolysis of edible fats and oils, followed by a distillation process that removes impurities and enhances purity. They are colorless to pale yellow, odorless, and possess excellent emulsifying properties. DMG is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its surface-active properties, ability to stabilize emulsions, and function as an anti-caking and lubricating agent. The distilled grade ensures high purity and low free fatty acid content, making it suitable for sensitive applications.
Emulsifier Emulgator
Emulsifier Emulgator is a nonionic surfactant belonging to the family of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs), specifically with an average of 9 ethylene oxide (EO) units. It is widely used as an effective emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, and solubilizing agent. NP-9 is typically a pale yellow to amber viscous liquid, soluble in water and various organic solvents. It is valued for its strong emulsifying ability to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, excellent detergency, and good compatibility with other surfactants and formulation ingredients. NP-9 is commonly employed in industrial, agricultural, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and cleaning applications.
Fish Collagen
Fish Collagen is a natural protein derived from the skin, scales, and bones of various fish species through enzymatic hydrolysis or acid extraction. It is predominantly Type I collagen, known for its excellent bioavailability and biocompatibility. Fish Collagen typically appears as a fine white to off-white powder with low odor and high solubility in water and acidic solutions. It is widely prized in cosmetics, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and food industries due to its superior absorption compared to mammalian collagen, making it highly effective in skin, joint, and bone health applications. Fish Collagen supports the body’s extracellular matrix, promoting skin elasticity, hydration, and tissue repair.
