Fructose
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Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants, fruits, honey, and root vegetables. It is a simple sugar with a sweet taste and is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, alongside glucose and galactose. Fructose appears as a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, and is commonly used as a sweetener in food and beverage industries due to its high relative sweetness. It plays important roles in metabolism and is used extensively in the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and other sweetening agents.
Description
Fructose
Primary UsesÂ
- Food and Beverage Industry
- Widely used as a natural sweetener in beverages, soft drinks, fruit juices, baked goods, and confectionery.
- Key ingredient in high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is used to sweeten processed foods and drinks due to cost-effectiveness and intense sweetness.
- Used in low-calorie and reduced-fat food formulations to enhance sweetness without adding bulk.
- Functions as a humectant to retain moisture and improve texture in baked goods and processed foods.
- Acts as a fermentation substrate in the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine.
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industry
- Incorporated into syrups, lozenges, and chewable tablets as a sweetening agent to mask unpleasant tastes.
- Used as a source of quick energy in medical nutrition and oral rehydration solutions.
- Studied for potential prebiotic effects supporting gut health.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in formulations as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent in lotions, creams, and hair care products.
- Functions as a natural exfoliant when combined with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
- Biotechnology and Fermentation
- Employed as a carbon source in microbial fermentation processes for the production of biofuels, organic acids, and enzymes.
- Used as a substrate in enzymatic and microbial bioconversions.
Secondary Uses
- Animal Feed
- Added as an energy source in specialized animal feeds and supplements.
- Food Preservation
- Helps inhibit crystallization in frozen desserts and ice creams, improving texture and shelf life.
- Research and Analytical Chemistry
- Used as a reference standard in carbohydrate research and in quality control of food products.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
- Common/Trade Name: Fructose, Fruit sugar
- CAS Number: 57-48-7
- HS Code: 1702.90
- Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
- Synonyms: D-Fructose, Levulose, Fruit sugar
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless or faint sweet aroma
- Melting Point: 103–105 °C (anhydrous)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
- Sweetness: Approximately 1.2 to 1.8 times sweeter than sucrose
- Stability: Stable under dry conditions; susceptible to caramelization and Maillard reactions when heated with amino acids
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for consumption
- Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits; safe for handling under normal conditions
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and heat
- Container Type: Food-grade sealed containers, typically polyethylene or glass
- Shelf Life: Up to 24 months if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid moisture absorption; keep container tightly closed
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use as a sweetener and food additive by FDA, EFSA, and other regulatory agencies
- Listed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by FDA
- Usage limits regulated based on product type and country
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact; non-toxic to aquatic organisms
- Bioaccumulation: Not bioaccumulative
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Standard food handling gloves recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use good hygiene practices; avoid contamination
- Storage Measures: Prevent exposure to moisture to avoid clumping and microbial growth
- Hygiene Practices: Wash hands after handling; ensure clean food-grade environment
- First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Not applicable; low dust potential
- Skin Contact: Not irritating; wash if exposed to dust
- Eye Contact: Rinse with water if dust causes irritation
- Ingestion: Safe for consumption; no adverse effects at normal dietary levels
- Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible sugar powder; dust may form explosive mixtures in air
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚
- Special Precautions: Avoid dust dispersion and ignition sources
- Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide on burning
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