Fructose

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Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants, fruits, honey, and root vegetables. It is a simple sugar with a sweet taste and is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, alongside glucose and galactose. Fructose appears as a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, and is commonly used as a sweetener in food and beverage industries due to its high relative sweetness. It plays important roles in metabolism and is used extensively in the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and other sweetening agents.

Description

Fructose

Primary Uses 

  1. Food and Beverage Industry
  • Widely used as a natural sweetener in beverages, soft drinks, fruit juices, baked goods, and confectionery.
  • Key ingredient in high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is used to sweeten processed foods and drinks due to cost-effectiveness and intense sweetness.
  • Used in low-calorie and reduced-fat food formulations to enhance sweetness without adding bulk.
  • Functions as a humectant to retain moisture and improve texture in baked goods and processed foods.
  • Acts as a fermentation substrate in the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine.
  1. Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industry
  • Incorporated into syrups, lozenges, and chewable tablets as a sweetening agent to mask unpleasant tastes.
  • Used as a source of quick energy in medical nutrition and oral rehydration solutions.
  • Studied for potential prebiotic effects supporting gut health.
  1. Cosmetics and Personal Care
  • Used in formulations as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent in lotions, creams, and hair care products.
  • Functions as a natural exfoliant when combined with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
  1. Biotechnology and Fermentation
  • Employed as a carbon source in microbial fermentation processes for the production of biofuels, organic acids, and enzymes.
  • Used as a substrate in enzymatic and microbial bioconversions.

 

Secondary Uses

  1. Animal Feed
  • Added as an energy source in specialized animal feeds and supplements.
  1. Food Preservation
  • Helps inhibit crystallization in frozen desserts and ice creams, improving texture and shelf life.
  1. Research and Analytical Chemistry
  • Used as a reference standard in carbohydrate research and in quality control of food products.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
  1. Basic Identification Attributes 
  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
  • Common/Trade Name: Fructose, Fruit sugar
  • CAS Number: 57-48-7
  • HS Code: 1702.90
  • Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
  • Synonyms: D-Fructose, Levulose, Fruit sugar
  1. Physical & Chemical Properties 
  • Physical State: Crystalline powder
  • Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless or faint sweet aroma
  • Melting Point: 103–105 °C (anhydrous)
  • Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
  • Sweetness: Approximately 1.2 to 1.8 times sweeter than sucrose
  • Stability: Stable under dry conditions; susceptible to caramelization and Maillard reactions when heated with amino acids
  1. Safety & Hazard Attributes 
  • Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
  • Toxicity: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for consumption
  • Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits; safe for handling under normal conditions
  1. Storage & Handling Attributes 
  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and heat
  • Container Type: Food-grade sealed containers, typically polyethylene or glass
  • Shelf Life: Up to 24 months if stored properly
  • Handling Precautions: Avoid moisture absorption; keep container tightly closed
  1. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes 
  • Approved for use as a sweetener and food additive by FDA, EFSA, and other regulatory agencies
  • Listed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by FDA
  • Usage limits regulated based on product type and country
  1. Environmental & Health Impact 
  • Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly
  • Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact; non-toxic to aquatic organisms
  • Bioaccumulation: Not bioaccumulative
  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
  1. Safety Handling Precautions
  • PPE Required: Standard food handling gloves recommended
  • Handling Guidelines: Use good hygiene practices; avoid contamination
  • Storage Measures: Prevent exposure to moisture to avoid clumping and microbial growth
  • Hygiene Practices: Wash hands after handling; ensure clean food-grade environment

 

  1. First Aid Measures
  • Inhalation: Not applicable; low dust potential
  • Skin Contact: Not irritating; wash if exposed to dust
  • Eye Contact: Rinse with water if dust causes irritation
  • Ingestion: Safe for consumption; no adverse effects at normal dietary levels

 

  1. Firefighting Measures
  • Fire Hazards: Combustible sugar powder; dust may form explosive mixtures in air
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚
  • Special Precautions: Avoid dust dispersion and ignition sources
  • Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide on burning