



Isopropyl Alcohol-IPA
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Isopropyl Alcohol-IPA, also known as 2-propanol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H8O. It is a type of alcohol that is commonly used as a solvent, disinfectant, and cleaning agent in a variety of industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and electronics. IPA is often used as a disinfectant because it is effective at killing a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is also commonly used as a solvent for oils, resins, and gums, and as a cleaning agent for electronic devices and other equipment.
Isopropyl Alcohol-IPA Uses
Primary Uses of IPA
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Medical & Healthcare:
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Disinfectant: Used in hospitals and clinics to sterilize surfaces, tools, and skin before injections.
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Hand Sanitizer: A key ingredient (60-70% concentration) in sanitizers for killing bacteria and viruses.
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Antiseptic: Used to clean minor wounds to prevent infection.
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Electronics & Manufacturing:
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Cleaning Agent: Removes flux residues, oils, and dust from circuit boards and electronic components.
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Dehydrating Agent: Helps dry and clean precision equipment without leaving residue.
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Industrial & Laboratory:
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Solvent: Used in paints, inks, and coatings due to its ability to dissolve oils and resins.
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Chemical Intermediate: Used in producing acetone, glycerol, and other chemicals.
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Laboratory Use: Used for cleaning lab equipment and as a solvent in chemical reactions.
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Pharmaceuticals:
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Used in the production of drugs, lotions, and tinctures.
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Secondary Uses of IPA
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Household Cleaning:
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Disinfects countertops, glass, and mirrors.
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Removes sticky residues (like glue or tape marks).
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Cleans keyboards, smartphones, and screens.
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Automotive:
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Removes grease, tar, and adhesive residues from car surfaces.
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Cleans fuel injectors and brake parts.
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Personal Care & Cosmetics:
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Found in aftershaves, perfumes, and nail polish removers.
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Used as a rubbing alcohol for muscle pain relief.
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Printing & Inks:
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Used in cleaning printer heads and as a solvent in inks.
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APPEARANCE |
Watery/Thin – Low viscosity e.g., ethanol |
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CONCENTRATION |
85% |
AVAILABLE GRADES |
TECHNICAL GRADE |
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name: Propan-2-ol (IUPAC), Isopropyl alcohol (common)
- CAS Number: 67-63-0
- HS Code: 2905.12.00 (for isopropanol)
- Molecular Formula: C₃H₈O or (CH₃)₂CHOH
- Synonyms: Isopropanol, IPA, 2-propanol, rubbing alcohol, sec-propyl alcohol
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless; strong, alcoholic odor
- Boiling Point: 82.6°C (180.7°F)
- Melting Point: -89.5°C (-129.1°F)
- Density: 0.785 g/cm³ (20°C)
- Solubility:
- Miscible in water, ethanol, ether, chloroform
- Slightly soluble in salt solutions
- pH Level: ~7 (neutral)
- Vapor Pressure: 33 mmHg (20°C)
- Flash Point: 12°C (54°F) (closed cup) – Highly Flammable
- Autoignition Temperature: 399°C (750°F)
- Viscosity: 2.86 cP at 15°C (similar to ethanol)
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS):
- Flammable Liquid (Category 2)
- Eye Irritant (Category 2)
- May cause drowsiness/dizziness (Category 2)
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1 | Flammability: 3 | Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 400 ppm (980 mg/m³)
- ACGIH TLV: 200 ppm (492 mg/m³)
- Reactivity:
- Forms explosive peroxides with oxidizers (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid).
- Avoid strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool (<30°C), dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources.
- Keep containers tightly closed.
- Incompatible Materials:
- Strong oxidizers (e.g., bleach, hydrogen peroxide), acids, alkali metals.
- Container Type:
- Plastic (HDPE) or stainless steel; avoid aluminum (can react).
- Shelf Life: Indefinite if stored properly (check for peroxide formation in old stocks).
- Special Handling:
- Use in well-ventilated areas (fume hood if high concentrations are used).
- Wear nitrile gloves, safety goggles, and flame-resistant clothing.
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status:
- EPA: Listed as a VOC (Volatile Organic Compound).
- DOT: UN1219 (Class 3 Flammable Liquid, PG II).
- EU REACH: Registered for industrial and consumer use.
- Hazard Symbols (GHS):
- Flame (flammable) | Exclamation Mark (irritant)
- Transportation Restrictions:
- Requires "Flammable Liquid" label for shipping.
- Limited quantities allowed in passenger aircraft.
- Waste Disposal:
- Incinerate as hazardous waste (EPA RCRA) or recycle via solvent recovery.
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity:
- LC50 (fish): ~1,000–10,000 mg/L (moderately toxic).
- Readily biodegradable (BOD5: ~60–70%).
- Persistence: Breaks down in air/water within days (low environmental persistence).
- Carcinogenicity:
- IARC: Group 3 (Not classifiable as carcinogenic to humans).
- ACGIH: A4 (Not suspected as a human carcinogen).
- Biodegradability: >90% degradation in 28 days (OECD 301 test).
Personal Protection:
- Gloves: Wear nitrile or neoprene gloves (latex is not recommended as IPA can degrade it).
- Eye Protection: Safety goggles or a face shield to prevent splashes.
- Clothing: Lab coat or chemical-resistant apron.
- Respiratory Protection: Use in well-ventilated areas; if vapor concentration is high, use an organic vapor respirator.
Handling & Storage:
- Ventilation: Use in well-ventilated areas or under a fume hood to avoid vapor buildup.
- Ignition Sources: Keep away from open flames, sparks, and heat sources (IPA is highly flammable).
- Storage: Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers (preferably metal or approved plastic).
- Static Electricity: Ground containers when transferring IPA to prevent static sparks.
Spill Management:
- Small spills: Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite, or spill pads) and dispose of properly.
- Large spills: Evacuate area, eliminate ignition sources, and use explosion-proof equipment for cleanup.
Inhalation:
- Symptoms: Dizziness, headache, nausea, respiratory irritation.
- Action: Move to fresh air immediately. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact:
- Symptoms: Dryness, irritation, possible dermatitis with prolonged exposure.
- Action: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water. Apply moisturizer if irritation occurs.
Eye Contact:
- Symptoms: Redness, pain, tearing.
- Action: Rinse eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes (use eyewash station). Seek medical attention if irritation continues.
Ingestion:
- Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, drowsiness, and in severe cases, central nervous system depression.
- Action: Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Seek immediate medical attention.
Fire Hazards:
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor (Flash point: ~12°C / 53°F).
- Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.
- May produce toxic fumes (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide) when burned.
Extinguishing Methods:
- Small fires: Use dry chemical powder (ABC or BC type), CO₂, or alcohol-resistant foam.
- Large fires: Use water spray, fog, or foam to cool containers and prevent reignition.
- DO NOT use water jet (can spread flames).
Special Precautions:
- Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
- Cool nearby containers with water to prevent explosion.
- Evacuate area if large quantities are involved.