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Adipic Acid
$ 3.20
Adipic acid is a white, crystalline dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₆H₁₀O₄. It is primarily used as a key raw material in the production of nylon 6,6 and also finds applications in plasticizers, polyurethanes, lubricants, and food additives (as an acidity regulator, E355).
Adipic Acid
Primary Uses
- Nylon 6,6 Production
- The #1 industrial use (~90% of global adipic acid).
- Reacts with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) to form Nylon 6,6, used in:
- Textiles (clothing, carpets)
- Engineering plastics (car parts, electronics)
- Industrial fibers (ropes, tire cords)
- Polyurethane Foams
- Key components in flexible foams (mattresses, car seats) and coatings/adhesives.
- Food & Beverage Additive (E355)
- Acidulant in gelatin, powdered drinks, and baking powders (imparts tartness).
- pH adjuster in processed foods (regulated for safe consumption).
- Plasticizers
- Used in PVC products (cables, flooring) to improve flexibility.
- Lubricants & Greases
- Enhances thermal stability in synthetic lubricants.
Secondary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals
- Precursor for controlled-release drug formulations.
- Used in antiseptic and antifungal creams.
- Cosmetics
- pH adjuster in lotions and creams.
- Agriculture
- Slow-release fertilizer coatings.
- Electronics
- Etching agent in semiconductor manufacturing.
- Military & Explosives
- Historical use in ammonium adipate propellants (less common today).
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Hexanedioic acid
- Common/Trade Names:
- Adipic acid
- 1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
- AA (abbreviation)
- CAS Number: [124-04-9]
- HS Code: 2917.12.00 (Acyclic polycarboxylic acids)
- Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
- Synonyms:
- Acifloctin
- Adilactetten
- Hexane-1,6-dioic acid
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: 152–154°C (305–309°F)
- Boiling Point: 337°C (639°F) (decomposes)
- Density: 1.36 g/cm³ (at 25°C)
- Solubility:
- Water: 14 g/L (20°C), highly soluble in hot water
- Organic solvents: Soluble in ethanol, acetone; slightly soluble in ether
- pH Level: ~3.5 (0.1% solution, acidic)
- Vapor Pressure: <0.1 mmHg (20°C)
- Flash Point: 196°C (385°F) (closed cup)
- Autoignition Temperature: 420°C (788°F)
- Viscosity: N/A (solid)
- Refractive Index: 1.428 (20°C)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS):
- Skin Irritation (Category 2)
- Eye Irritation (Category 2A)
- Not flammable or explosive
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ (total dust)
- ACGIH TLV: 5 mg/m³ (inhalable particles)
- Reactivity:
- Stable under normal conditions
- Reacts with strong oxidizers (e.g., peroxides, chlorates)
- Forms salts with bases
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Cool, dry, well-ventilated area
- Keep away from oxidizers and moisture
- Incompatible Materials:
- Strong bases (e.g., NaOH)
- Strong oxidizers (e.g., nitric acid)
- Container Type:
- Polyethylene-lined bags or fiber drums
- Stainless steel for bulk storage
- Shelf Life: Indefinite if stored properly
- Special Handling:
- Use dust masks (NIOSH N95) to avoid inhalation
- Wear gloves and goggles to prevent irritation
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status:
- FDA (USA): Approved for food use (21 CFR 184.1009)
- EU: Food additive E355
- REACH: Registered
- Hazard Symbols (GHS):
- Exclamation mark (irritant)
- Transportation Restrictions:
- Not classified as hazardous (non-regulated)
- UN number: None required
- Waste Disposal:
- Incinerate or dispose in licensed landfills
- Neutralize with base if required
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity:
- LC50 (fish): >100 mg/L (low toxicity)
- EC50 (daphnia): >100 mg/L
- Persistence in Environment:
- Readily biodegradable (>60% in 28 days, OECD 301B)
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
- IARC: Not classified
- NTP: Not listed
- OSHA: No carcinogenic effects
- Biodegradability:
- Degrades in water/soil (half-life: days to weeks)
Safety precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves: Nitrile or neoprene
- Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles
- Respiratory: N95 dust mask (for powder handling)
- Clothing: Lab coat or protective apron
Handling & Storage:
- Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Avoid contact with strong oxidizers (risk of violent reaction)
- Ground equipment to prevent static discharge
Hygiene Practices:
- No eating/drinking in handling areas
- Wash hands thoroughly after use
- Provide emergency eyewash station
First Aid Measures
Skin Contact:
- Remove contaminated clothing
- Wash with soap and water for 15 minutes
- Seek medical attention if irritation persists
Eye Contact:
- Flush with lukewarm water for 15-20 minutes
- Hold eyelids open during rinsing
- Seek immediate medical attention
Inhalation:
- Move to fresh air
- Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult
- Get medical help if symptoms persist
Ingestion:
- Rinse mouth with water
- Drink milk or water to dilute
- Do NOT induce vomiting
- Seek medical attention
Firefighting Measures
Fire Characteristics:
- Combustible solid (powder form)
- Decomposes at >230°C releasing irritating fumes
- Forms explosive dust-air mixtures
Extinguishing Media:
- Water spray
- Dry chemical powder
- CO₂
- Alcohol-resistant foam
Special Precautions:
- Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- Cool containers with water spray
- Prevent dust cloud formation
Spill Management
Small Spills:
- Wear appropriate PPE
- Sweep up carefully (avoid raising dust)
- Place in sealed container
Large Spills:
- Dampen with water to control dust
- Use non-sparking tools for cleanup
- Prevent entry into drains/waterways
Disposal:
- Dispose as non-hazardous waste (unless contaminated)
- Follow local regulations
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