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Lead Nitrate
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Lead Nitrate is a white crystalline inorganic compound composed of lead and nitrate ions. It is highly soluble in water and commonly used in laboratories and industrial applications as an oxidizing agent, in the preparation of other lead compounds, and as a reagent in chemical synthesis. Lead Nitrate is known for its strong oxidizing properties and must be handled with care due to its toxicity and environmental hazards.
Description
Lead Nitrate
Primary Uses
- Chemical Synthesis
- Used as a precursor in the manufacture of other lead salts such as lead oxide and lead carbonate.
- Acts as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions and laboratory processes.
- Laboratory Reagent
- Employed in qualitative inorganic analysis for testing halides and chlorides.
- Used in precipitation reactions and crystal growth studies.
- Pyrotechnics
- Utilized in the manufacture of fireworks and explosives for its oxidizing properties.
- Electroplating
- Occasionally used in lead plating baths to deposit lead coatings on metals for corrosion resistance.
Secondary Uses
- Glass and Ceramics Industry
- Incorporated as a flux or to modify glass properties.
- Pigment Production
- Used in the synthesis of certain lead-based pigments (though use is declining due to toxicity concerns).
- Photography
- Historically used in some photographic processes as a sensitizer.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Lead(II) nitrate
- Common/Trade Name: Lead Nitrate
- CAS Number: 10099-74-8
- HS Code: 2833.21.00
- Synonyms: Plumbous nitrate; Lead dinitrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Solid (crystalline powder)
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water
- Melting Point: 470 °C (decomposes)
- Density: 4.53 g/cm³
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Oxidizing solid (Category 2); Acute toxicity (Category 4); Carcinogenicity (Category 1B); Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure (Category 1)
- Toxicity: Highly toxic; causes severe health effects including lead poisoning
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL for lead compounds: 50 µg/m³ (airborne lead)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials like combustible substances and reducing agents
- Container Type: Sealed, corrosion-resistant containers
- Shelf Life: Stable if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use PPE including gloves, eye protection, and respirators; avoid inhalation and skin contact
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulated due to toxicity and environmental impact (OSHA, REACH, EPA)
- Requires labeling with hazard warnings for oxidizers and toxic substances
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms; can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
- Bioaccumulation: Lead accumulates in biological tissues, posing significant environmental risks
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and respiratory protection in case of dust or fumes
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods; avoid dust generation; do not eat or drink in the work area
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible chemicals
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes; get medical help
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek urgent medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards:
- Not flammable but a strong oxidizer
- May intensify fire with combustibles
- Decomposes to toxic lead and nitrogen oxides
- Extinguishing Media:
- Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂
- Avoid dry organic materials
- Special Precautions:
- Wear full protective gear and SCBA
- Avoid fume inhalation; prevent contaminated runoff
- Hazardous Combustion Products:
- Lead oxides
- Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ)
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