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N-Butanol
N-Butanol (1-butanol) is a four-carbon linear alcohol with the chemical formula C₄H₉OH. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. N-Butanol is widely used as a solvent in paints, coatings, adhesives, and chemical synthesis. It serves as an intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers, butyl acrylate, and other chemicals. Its moderate volatility and solvent properties make it valuable in industrial and commercial applications.
Primary Uses
- Solvent in Paints and Coatings
- Used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, alkyd, and cellulose acetate coatings to improve flow and drying characteristics.
- Enhances gloss and adhesion of paints and varnishes.
- Chemical Intermediate
- Utilized in the production of butyl acrylate, plasticizers, and glycol ethers.
- Serves as a raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
- Adhesives and Sealants
- Acts as a solvent in adhesive formulations for improved consistency and drying time.
- Cleaning Agent
- Employed in industrial cleaning formulations due to its solvency and low toxicity compared to other solvents.
Secondary Uses
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in small quantities as a solvent in perfumes and fragrances.
- Extractants
- Used in extraction processes in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
- Fuel Additive
- Occasionally used as a fuel additive or blending component in gasoline to improve combustion properties.
- Laboratory Solvent
- Used in chemical laboratories for reagent preparation and sample processing.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Butan-1-ol
- Common/Trade Name: N-Butanol, 1-Butanol
- CAS Number: 71-36-3
- HS Code: 2905.43.00
- Synonyms: n-Butyl alcohol; 1-Butanol
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless; mild alcoholic odor
- Boiling Point: 117.7°C
- Melting Point: -89.5°C
- Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
- Flash Point: 35°C (closed cup)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3)
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can cause irritation to skin and eyes
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL 100 ppm; ACGIH TLV 20 ppm (TWA)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition
- Container Type: Supplied in metal or plastic drums and containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 1 year if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use explosion-proof equipment; avoid inhalation and skin contact
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with REACH, OSHA, EPA, and other relevant chemical safety regulations
- Listed in major chemical inventories worldwide
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate aquatic toxicity; avoid release into waterways
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and flame-resistant clothing recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid ignition sources
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from oxidizers
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor
- Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective gear
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, aldehydes
Related products
Acetone
Acetone (chemical formula CH₃COCH₃) is the simplest and most widely used ketone, appearing as a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet, pungent odor. Industrial Grade Acetone is manufactured with a minimum purity of 99.5%, offering aggressive solvent power, rapid evaporation rate, and complete miscibility with water and most organic solvents. Its combination of high solvency, low toxicity relative to other industrial solvents, and favorable regulatory status makes it an indispensable chemical in manufacturing, cleaning, and formulation processes across numerous heavy industries.
Butanol
Butanol (also known as n-Butanol or Normal Butanol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. It is a four-carbon primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. Butanol is moderately soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. Its physical and chemical properties make it a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate. Butanol indicates a high purity grade often used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical synthesis applications.
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) is a volatile, flammable, and highly toxic organic solvent composed of carbon and sulfur. At 99% purity, it is a clear to pale yellow liquid with a pungent, sweet, ether-like odor. Carbon Disulfide is produced primarily by the reaction of carbon (charcoal) with sulfur vapors at high temperatures. Due to its excellent solvent properties and reactivity, it is used across multiple industries, including the production of rayon, cellophane, rubber chemicals, and pesticides. Despite its utility, Carbon Disulfide requires careful handling because of its toxicity, flammability, and environmental hazards.
Di Acetone Alcohol
Di Acetone Alcohol (chemical name: 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one) is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild acetone-like odor. It is a versatile organic solvent and intermediate widely used in the manufacture of coatings, adhesives, inks, and specialty chemicals. Di Acetone Alcohol exhibits excellent solvency for resins, oils, and fats, combined with moderate evaporation rate and low volatility compared to acetone, making it suitable for controlled drying applications. It also serves as a chemical intermediate in synthesis reactions and as a component in solvent blends to optimize performance and drying characteristics.
Isophorone
Isophorone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent, ketone-like odor. Chemically classified as a cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one), it is a solvent widely used in industrial applications. It has good solvency properties for resins, paints, coatings, and inks, combined with relatively slow evaporation compared to other ketones. Isophorone is miscible with many organic solvents and used extensively in manufacturing and chemical synthesis.
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane), also known as methylene chloride, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. It is a chlorinated solvent widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and laboratory applications due to its excellent solvent properties, including high volatility, moderate polarity, and low boiling point (about 39.6°C). DCM is prized for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it ideal for extraction, paint stripping, degreasing, and chemical processing. However, due to health and environmental concerns, its use is regulated and controlled in many countries.
Turkey Red Oil (Sulphated Castor Oil)
Turkey Red Oil (Sulphated Castor Oil), also known as Sulphated Castor Oil, is a water-soluble derivative of castor oil produced by the sulfonation of castor oil. It appears as a viscous, amber to dark brown liquid with excellent emulsifying, detergent, and wetting properties. Turkey Red Oil is widely used as a natural surfactant and emulsifier in various industrial and personal care applications. It is known for its biodegradability, mildness, and ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Traditionally used in textile processing as a softener and lubricant, it now finds broad usage in cosmetics, detergents, leather processing, and cleaning products due to its unique functional attributes.
Xylene
Xylene is a clear, colorless, flammable aromatic hydrocarbon solvent consisting of three isomers: ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene. It is widely utilized in various industries for its excellent solvency, chemical stability, and moderate evaporation rate. Xylene serves as a key raw material in chemical manufacturing and an effective solvent in coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning applications.
