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Sulphuric Acid
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Sulphuric Acid is a dense, highly corrosive, and strong mineral acid widely used as a fundamental chemical reagent and industrial raw material. It serves as a key component in fertilizer production, chemical synthesis, petroleum refining, and many other industrial processes. The 98% concentration is the concentrated, nearly pure form commonly utilized for manufacturing and processing applications demanding high acid strength and purity.
Description
Sulphuric Acid
Primary Uses
- Fertilizer Industry
- Phosphoric Acid Production: Used to produce phosphoric acid from phosphate rock for phosphate fertilizers.
- Manufacture of Sulfate Fertilizers: Produces ammonium sulfate and other sulfate-based fertilizers.
- Chemical Industry
- Intermediate & Catalyst: Utilized in synthesis of chemicals including hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, dyes, pigments, and detergents.
- pH Adjustment: Used for acidifying or neutralizing alkaline solutions.
- Petroleum Industry
- Catalyst in Refining: Employed in alkylation and refining processes to improve gasoline quality.
Secondary Uses
- Metal Processing
- Pickling Agent: Removes rust and scale from steel and other metals before further processing.
- Electroplating & Battery Acid: Used as electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and electroplating baths.
- Textile Industry
- Processing Aid: Used in dyeing and finishing processes.
- Laboratories
- Reagent & Cleaning Agent: Used in analytical chemistry and for cleaning glassware.
- Wastewater Treatment
- pH Control: Adjusts pH and neutralizes alkaline waste streams.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sulfuric acid
- Common/Trade Name: Sulphuric Acid 98%
- CAS Number: 7664-93-9
- HS Code: 2807.00.00
- Synonyms: Oil of vitriol, battery acid
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless to slightly yellow, viscous liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless or pale yellow; odorless
- Density: Approx. 1.84 g/cm³
- Boiling Point: 337 °C (decomposes)
- Melting Point: 10 °C
- Solubility: Miscible with water (exothermic reaction)
- pH: Highly acidic (pH < 1)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Corrosive to skin and eyes; causes severe burns
- Toxicity: Highly corrosive and reactive; inhalation of fumes hazardous
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m³ (ceiling)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in corrosion-resistant containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas away from incompatible substances like organics, bases, and oxidizers
- Container Type: Acid-resistant drums, tanks, or containers
- Shelf Life: Stable indefinitely under proper storage
- Handling Precautions: Use acid-resistant PPE; add acid to water, never vice versa
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with international chemical safety regulations (REACH, OSHA, GHS)
- Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
- Meets transport regulations for corrosive liquids
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable; highly reactive
- Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not applicable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Acid-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, and protective clothing
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid contact with skin, eyes, and inhalation of fumes
- Storage Measures: Keep containers sealed and stored away from incompatible materials
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek immediate medical attention if breathing difficulty occurs
- Skin Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; get urgent medical help
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water continuously for 15-30 minutes; seek emergency medical treatment
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but reacts violently with water and organic materials
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray or fog, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Sulfur oxides and toxic gases
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