Universal Solution Indicator pH 4-11

Aluminum ammonium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum, is a chemical compound with the formula (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O. It's a white crystalline solid commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, and as a mordant in dyeing textiles. In water purification, alum acts as a coagulant to remove impurities by causing suspended particles to clump together, making it easier for filtration to remove them. In leather tanning, it helps to stabilize the leather by tightening the collagen fibers. And in dyeing textiles, alum helps the dye adhere to the fabric. However, it's important to note that excessive exposure to aluminum compounds like alum can be harmful, so it's typically used with caution and proper safety measures.

  Aluminum sulfate, also known as alum, is a chemical compound with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It's commonly used in water treatment plants as a coagulant to clarify turbid or muddy water by causing suspended particles to clump together and settle out. In addition to water treatment, aluminum sulfate has various other industrial applications, such as in paper manufacturing, dyeing, and as a mordant in textile dyeing to help fix dyes to fabrics.

An ammonia solution is a solution of ammonia (NH3) gas dissolved in water. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor and a basic pH. The concentration of ammonia in the solution can vary, and is typically expressed in terms of percent by weight or by volume. Ammonia solutions are commonly used in a variety of applications, including cleaning agents, fertilizers, and as a precursor to other chemicals. They are also used in industrial processes such as refrigeration, gas purification, and water treatment. Ammonia solutions can be dangerous if not handled properly, as they are highly corrosive and can release toxic fumes if mixed with certain chemicals

Potassium iodide (KI) is a chemical compound composed of potassium and iodine.