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Potassium Iodide
Potassium Iodide is a white, crystalline inorganic salt that serves as a vital source of iodine. It is widely used in medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and industrial fields. Potassium Iodide is highly soluble in water and is used both as a dietary supplement to prevent iodine deficiency and as a protective agent against radioactive iodine exposure. It also finds applications in chemical synthesis and photographic processes.
Potassium Iodide
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals and Medicine
- Used as an oral thyroid blocking agent to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine in nuclear emergencies.
- Employed in the treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, including goiter and hypothyroidism.
- Used as an expectorant in cough medicines and in the treatment of certain fungal infections.
- Serves as a reagent in medical diagnostic tests and radiography.
- Nutritional Supplements
- Added to table salt (iodized salt) to prevent iodine deficiency in populations.
- Used in dietary supplements to maintain adequate iodine levels for thyroid health.
- Chemical Industry
- Used in the synthesis of organic and inorganic iodine compounds.
- Acts as a reducing agent and reagent in analytical chemistry.
- Photography
- Historically used in photographic emulsions and film manufacturing.
Secondary Uses
- Water Treatment
- Utilized in water purification and disinfection processes.
- Laboratory Reagent
- Employed as a reagent in various chemical and biological assays.
- Animal Feed
- Added to animal feeds as a nutritional supplement to ensure adequate iodine intake.
- Chemical Indicator
- Used in starch-iodine test and other analytical procedures as an indicator.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Potassium iodide
- Common/Trade Name: Potassium Iodide
- CAS Number: 7681-11-0
- HS Code: 2827.39 (Iodides)
- Synonyms: KI; iodide of potassium
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Solid, crystalline powder or granules
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~144 g/100 mL at 20°C)
- Melting Point: 681°C (decomposes)
- Density: ~3.12 g/cm³
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to light and moisture
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous; may cause mild irritation
- Toxicity: Low toxicity at recommended doses; overdose can cause iodine poisoning
- Exposure Limits: Follow safety data sheet recommendations; avoid inhalation of dust
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, and dark place in tightly closed containers
- Container Type: Glass or plastic containers with airtight seals
- Shelf Life: Typically 3–5 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use gloves and dust mask when handling large quantities; avoid moisture and light exposure
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with pharmaceutical and food-grade standards (e.g., USP, FCC)
- Approved for use as a dietary supplement and food additive
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Inorganic salt; environmentally stable
- Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic life at typical concentrations
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and dust mask recommended when handling bulk quantities
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid dust formation; use in well-ventilated areas
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and protected from light
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if large quantities ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; potassium iodide itself does not support combustion
- Extinguishing Media: Use water, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: None specific to potassium iodide
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May release iodine vapors under extreme heat
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