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Magnesium Chloride
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Magnesium Chloride is a white crystalline salt or granular solid composed of magnesium and chloride ions, commonly found as the hexahydrate form (MgCl₂·6H₂O). It is highly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution with a slightly bitter saline taste. Magnesium Chloride is valued for its hygroscopic properties and is widely used across multiple industries including de-icing, chemical manufacturing, agriculture, food, pharmaceutical, and textile applications. It acts as a source of magnesium, a vital mineral for various biological and industrial processes.
Description
Magnesium Chloride
Primary Uses
- De-icing and Dust Control
- Applied as a road de-icing agent due to its ability to lower the freezing point of water, providing effective ice and snow melting.
- Used for dust suppression on unpaved roads, construction sites, and mining operations by absorbing moisture and reducing airborne dust.
- Chemical Industry
- Used as a precursor in the production of magnesium metal and magnesium-based chemicals.
- Acts as a catalyst or reactant in various chemical syntheses and industrial processes.
- Agriculture
- Serves as a magnesium supplement in fertilizers to correct magnesium-deficient soils, essential for healthy plant growth.
- Used in animal feed formulations to provide necessary magnesium nutrients.
- Food Industry
- Employed as a firming agent, coagulant, and nutrient supplement in food processing (E511).
- Used in tofu production as a coagulating agent.
- Acts as a source of magnesium in mineral-fortified foods and beverages.
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Uses
- Used in intravenous magnesium therapy and electrolyte replenishment (pharmaceutical grade).
- Included in magnesium oil sprays and topical magnesium products for muscle relaxation and skin care.
- Textile Industry
- Used in dyeing and printing processes to improve fabric quality and dye fixation.
Secondary Uses
- Environmental Applications
- Used in wastewater treatment for phosphorus removal and as a flocculant.
- Construction
- Acts as a component in certain types of cements and concrete formulations to improve strength and durability.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Included as a mineral supplement and skin conditioning agent in personal care products such as bath salts and lotions.
- Other Industrial Uses
- Used in the production of fireproofing agents, paper manufacture, and textile finishing.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Magnesium chloride (hexahydrate)
- Common/Trade Name: Magnesium Chloride
- CAS Number: 7791-18-6 (hexahydrate)
- HS Code: 2827.39.00
- Synonyms: MgCl₂; Magnesium dichloride; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; MgCl₂·6H₂O
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline solid or granules (hexahydrate)
- Color & Odor: White or colorless; odorless
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol
- Melting Point: 118 °C (anhydrous form)
- Density: Approx. 2.32 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
- Hygroscopicity: Highly hygroscopic
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Causes serious eye irritation (Category 2A)
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; irritating to eyes and skin on contact
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits; standard dust and mist controls advised
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture and incompatible substances
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or fiber drums, bags, or bulk containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 1-2 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation of dust or mist; use PPE such as gloves and eye protection
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use as a food additive (E511) and in pharmaceutical applications
- Complies with major food safety and pharmaceutical regulations (FDA, EFSA, etc.)
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Inorganic salt; not biodegradable but environmentally safe at typical usage levels
- Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms but avoid high concentrations in waterways
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask or respirator if dusty
- Handling Guidelines: Minimize dust formation and exposure; work in ventilated areas
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry; avoid contact with moisture
- First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation or respiratory difficulty occurs
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested
- Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; magnesium chloride does not support combustion
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical to extinguish surrounding fires
- Special Precautions: Avoid inhalation of fumes if exposed to high heat or fire
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce chlorine-containing gases if decomposed at high temperatures
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