Sodium Perborate
Sodium Perborate is a white crystalline oxidizing compound with the chemical formula NaBO₃·nH₂O (typically tetrahydrate or monohydrate). This versatile chemical serves as a stable, eco-friendly bleaching agent and disinfectant, widely used in detergents, cleaning products, and personal care formulations. Its controlled oxygen release makes it valuable for gentle stain removal and antimicrobial applications while being more environmentally favorable than chlorine-based alternatives.
Uses
Primary Uses
Detergents & Cleaning Products
- Active oxygen source in laundry detergents and stain removers
- Bleaches and disinfects fabrics without damaging fibers
Dentistry & Oral Care
- Whitening agent in tooth bleaching products
- Antimicrobial component in dental cleaning solutions
Textile Industry
- Bleaching natural fibers (cotton, linen) before dyeing
- Destroys color residues in textile recycling
Disinfection & Sanitization
- Antimicrobial agent in medical equipment cleaners
- Water treatment for swimming pools and spas
Cosmetic Formulations
- Gentle bleaching agent in hair lighteners
- Preservative in personal care products
Secondary Uses
Organic Synthesis
- Mild oxidizing agent for sensitive reactions
- Epoxide formation in pharmaceutical intermediates
Pulp & Paper
- Brightening agent for recycled paper products
- Delignification in specialty paper production
Agriculture
- Soil treatment for fungal control
- Seed disinfection before planting
Laboratory Applications
- Analytical reagent for peroxide determinations
- Controlled oxygen source in experiments
Art Conservation
- Gentle bleaching of aged paper and textiles
- Mold remediation in artifact preservation
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium peroxoborate
- Common/Trade Name: PBS, Perboric acid sodium salt
- CAS Number: 7632-04-4 (tetrahydrate)
- HS Code: 2840.30.00
- Synonyms: Sodium peroxyborate, Perborax
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Solubility: 3.7 g/100 mL water (20°C)
- Density: 1.73 g/cm³ (tetrahydrate)
- Active Oxygen: ≥10% available
Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Oxidizing Solid (Category 3)
- Toxicity: LD₅₀ >2,000 mg/kg (oral, rat)
- Exposure Limits: Not established
Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Cool, dry, away from organic materials
- Container Type: 25kg PE-lined fiber drums
- Shelf Life: 12-18 months in sealed containers
- Handling Precautions: Avoid moisture and heat
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- REACH registered
- Approved for detergent use under EU Detergent Regulations
- Meets FDA requirements for oral care products
Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Fully decomposes to borates
- Ecotoxicity: LC₅₀ >100 mg/L (fish)
- Bioaccumulation: None
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, safety glasses
- Handling Guidelines: Prevent dust formation
- Storage Measures: Separate from acids and combustibles
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap/water
- Eye Contact: Rinse 15 minutes with water
- Ingestion: Drink water, seek medical advice
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Supports combustion
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, sand
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Boron oxides