Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80)

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Tween 80, or Polysorbate 80, is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from the ethoxylation of sorbitan monooleate. It is a pale yellow to amber viscous liquid with a mild odor and is completely soluble in water and many polar solvents. Tween 80 is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and industrial applications. Its high Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB ~15) makes it particularly effective in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions and solubilizing lipophilic substances.

Description

Primary Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry

Solubilizer for hydrophobic drugs in injectable, oral, ophthalmic, and topical formulations.

Stabilizer in vaccines and protein-based drug products.

Used in liposomal and micellar drug delivery systems.

Helps reduce aggregation of biologics (e.g., monoclonal antibodies).

Cosmetics and Personal Care

Acts as an emulsifier and solubilizer in lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and serums.

Improves texture, spreadability, and product stability.

Used to disperse essential oils, fragrances, and actives in water-based systems.

Food Industry

Approved as a food-grade emulsifier (E433) used in ice cream, salad dressings, sauces, and bakery mixes.

Maintains moisture retention and improves mouthfeel in desserts.

Prevents separation and enhances emulsion stability in processed foods and beverages.

Biotechnology and Laboratory Use

Used in cell culture media to prevent shear damage to cells.

Employed as a surfactant in protein purification and Western blotting.

Assists in sample preparation and solubilization of membrane proteins.

Secondary Uses
Veterinary Products

Used in injectable and topical veterinary formulations as a carrier and stabilizer.

Nutraceuticals and Supplements

Facilitates solubilization of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and herbal extracts.

Used in softgel and liquid supplement formulations.

Industrial Cleaners

Acts as a mild surfactant in formulations requiring non-ionic emulsification (e.g., specialty degreasers).

Textile Industry

Functions as a wetting and dispersing agent in dyeing and finishing processes.

Agrochemical Formulations

Used as an emulsifier and adjuvant in pesticide and herbicide sprays for improved surface coverage.

Paints and Coatings

Serves as a dispersant and flow modifier in water-based coatings and inks.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate

Common/Trade Name: Tween 80, Polysorbate 80

CAS Number: 9005-65-6

HS Code: 3402.13.00

Synonyms: PEG-20 sorbitan monooleate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate

 

Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Viscous liquid

Color & Odor: Pale yellow to amber; mild, oily odor

Melting Point: ~–5 °C

Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling

Solubility: Completely soluble in water, ethanol, and many organic solvents

pH (1% solution): 5.5–7.0

HLB Value: ~15.0 (highly hydrophilic)

Density: ~1.06 g/cm³

Viscosity: High (~400 cps at 25 °C)

 

Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous

Toxicity: Low toxicity; GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status for food and pharma uses

Exposure Limits: None established; good laboratory practices recommended

Irritation: Minimal; may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals at high concentrations

 

Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers away from heat and light

Container Type: HDPE drums, IBC tanks, or food/pharma-grade containers

Shelf Life: 24 months under proper storage conditions

Handling Precautions: Avoid contamination; protect from moisture and oxidation

 

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Approved for use by FDA, EFSA, and JECFA

Listed in USP, BP, EP, and JP pharmacopoeias

Allowed in ECOCERT/COSMOS formulations for natural cosmetics

Compliant with REACH, TSCA, GMP, and OSHA regulations

Permitted as Food Additive E433

 

Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable

Ecotoxicity: Low aquatic toxicity

Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate

Sustainability: Can be sourced from renewable plant-based raw materials (e.g., oleic acid from vegetable oil)

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

PPE Required: Gloves and safety goggles during bulk handling

Handling Guidelines: Use with adequate ventilation; avoid prolonged skin or eye contact

Storage Measures: Keep container sealed, dry, and away from direct sunlight and oxidizers

 

First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Unlikely under normal use; move to fresh air if irritation occurs

Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water

Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water; seek medical attention if irritation persists

Ingestion: Non-toxic in small amounts; consult a physician for large or intentional ingestion

 

Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Slightly combustible

Extinguishing Media: Water mist, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂

Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and possible aldehydes