Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80)
Tween 80, or Polysorbate 80, is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from the ethoxylation of sorbitan monooleate. It is a pale yellow to amber viscous liquid with a mild odor and is completely soluble in water and many polar solvents. Tween 80 is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and industrial applications. Its high Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB ~15) makes it particularly effective in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions and solubilizing lipophilic substances.
Primary Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Solubilizer for hydrophobic drugs in injectable, oral, ophthalmic, and topical formulations.
Stabilizer in vaccines and protein-based drug products.
Used in liposomal and micellar drug delivery systems.
Helps reduce aggregation of biologics (e.g., monoclonal antibodies).
Cosmetics and Personal Care
Acts as an emulsifier and solubilizer in lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and serums.
Improves texture, spreadability, and product stability.
Used to disperse essential oils, fragrances, and actives in water-based systems.
Food Industry
Approved as a food-grade emulsifier (E433) used in ice cream, salad dressings, sauces, and bakery mixes.
Maintains moisture retention and improves mouthfeel in desserts.
Prevents separation and enhances emulsion stability in processed foods and beverages.
Biotechnology and Laboratory Use
Used in cell culture media to prevent shear damage to cells.
Employed as a surfactant in protein purification and Western blotting.
Assists in sample preparation and solubilization of membrane proteins.
Secondary Uses
Veterinary Products
Used in injectable and topical veterinary formulations as a carrier and stabilizer.
Nutraceuticals and Supplements
Facilitates solubilization of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and herbal extracts.
Used in softgel and liquid supplement formulations.
Industrial Cleaners
Acts as a mild surfactant in formulations requiring non-ionic emulsification (e.g., specialty degreasers).
Textile Industry
Functions as a wetting and dispersing agent in dyeing and finishing processes.
Agrochemical Formulations
Used as an emulsifier and adjuvant in pesticide and herbicide sprays for improved surface coverage.
Paints and Coatings
Serves as a dispersant and flow modifier in water-based coatings and inks.
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
Common/Trade Name: Tween 80, Polysorbate 80
CAS Number: 9005-65-6
HS Code: 3402.13.00
Synonyms: PEG-20 sorbitan monooleate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate
Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Viscous liquid
Color & Odor: Pale yellow to amber; mild, oily odor
Melting Point: ~–5 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Completely soluble in water, ethanol, and many organic solvents
pH (1% solution): 5.5–7.0
HLB Value: ~15.0 (highly hydrophilic)
Density: ~1.06 g/cm³
Viscosity: High (~400 cps at 25 °C)
Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous
Toxicity: Low toxicity; GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status for food and pharma uses
Exposure Limits: None established; good laboratory practices recommended
Irritation: Minimal; may cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals at high concentrations
Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers away from heat and light
Container Type: HDPE drums, IBC tanks, or food/pharma-grade containers
Shelf Life: 24 months under proper storage conditions
Handling Precautions: Avoid contamination; protect from moisture and oxidation
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Approved for use by FDA, EFSA, and JECFA
Listed in USP, BP, EP, and JP pharmacopoeias
Allowed in ECOCERT/COSMOS formulations for natural cosmetics
Compliant with REACH, TSCA, GMP, and OSHA regulations
Permitted as Food Additive E433
Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: Low aquatic toxicity
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Sustainability: Can be sourced from renewable plant-based raw materials (e.g., oleic acid from vegetable oil)
PPE Required: Gloves and safety goggles during bulk handling
Handling Guidelines: Use with adequate ventilation; avoid prolonged skin or eye contact
Storage Measures: Keep container sealed, dry, and away from direct sunlight and oxidizers
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Unlikely under normal use; move to fresh air if irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Ingestion: Non-toxic in small amounts; consult a physician for large or intentional ingestion
Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Slightly combustible
Extinguishing Media: Water mist, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and possible aldehydes