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Ammonium Lactate

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Ammonium Lactate is the ammonium salt of lactic acid, appearing as a clear, hygroscopic liquid or syrupy solution. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries primarily for its moisturizing, pH adjusting, and antimicrobial properties. In topical formulations, it acts as a keratolytic agent to help exfoliate and hydrate skin, making it popular in treatments for dry, scaly, or ichthyotic skin conditions. Its biocompatibility and mild acidic nature make it a versatile ingredient in various industrial and personal care products.

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Categories: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE CHEMICALS, Emollients, Excipients, FOOD AND BEVERAGE CHEMICALS, Humectants, Nutraceutical Ingredients (food), PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMICALS Tags: Ammonium lactate, Cosmetic Raw Material, Humectant, Moisturizing agent, Pharmaceutical ingredient

Description

Table of Contents

Ammonium Lactate

Primary Uses

Pharmaceutical & Dermatological Applications

Used in topical formulations such as creams, lotions, and gels to treat xerosis (dry skin), ichthyosis, and keratosis pilaris.
Acts as a humectant and exfoliant by promoting skin hydration and mild exfoliation of dead skin cells.
Incorporated in moisturizers to improve skin softness and elasticity.
Sometimes used in anti-aging and acne treatment products.

Cosmetics & Personal Care

Added to lotions, body washes, shampoos, and conditioners as a moisturizing agent.
Adjusts pH to maintain skin-friendly levels in formulations.
Enhances product stability and effectiveness.

Food Industry

Occasionally used as a food additive for pH regulation or as a flavor enhancer, though less common than lactic acid itself.
May be found in fermented food processing or preservation.

Secondary Uses

Chemical & Industrial Uses

Used as a pH buffer and stabilizer in various chemical processes.
Can act as a biodegradable acidulant in cleaning and detergent formulations.

Agricultural Uses

Employed in certain formulations for soil pH adjustment or as a biodegradable additive in fertilizers.

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Utilized in some drug formulations as a stabilizer or pH adjuster.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate
Common/Trade Names: Ammonium Lactate
CAS Number: 78391-02-7
HS Code: 2918.15.00
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO3
Synonyms: Ammonium 2-hydroxypropionate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Clear, colorless to slightly yellowish viscous liquid or syrup
Odor: Mild, characteristic lactic acid odor
Melting Point: Not applicable (liquid)
Boiling Point: Approx. 200–220°C (decomposes)
Density: ~1.1 g/cm³
Solubility: Fully miscible with water; soluble in alcohol
pH Level: Slightly acidic to neutral (typically 3.5–4.5 in solution)
Vapor Pressure: Low
Flash Point: Non-flammable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to prolonged heat and light

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Generally regarded as safe; mild irritant
NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits; low toxicity
Reactivity: Stable; no hazardous reactions under normal conditions
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, and bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources
Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers recommended
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
Special Handling: Use protective gloves and eyewear when handling concentrated solutions

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Approved for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use in many countries
FDA (USA): Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for cosmetic use
REACH (EU): Registered chemical substance
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport
Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local regulations; biodegradable

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic life
Persistence: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Carcinogenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic

Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE: Wear gloves and safety goggles to avoid skin and eye contact with concentrated solutions.
Handling: Avoid inhaling vapors; handle in well-ventilated areas.
Storage: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible substances.
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid ingestion or contact with eyes.

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs.
Skin Contact: Rinse affected area with water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested.

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible; may emit irritating fumes if heated to decomposition.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ to extinguish surrounding fires.

Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear to avoid inhalation of fumes.