Ammonium Lactate
Ammonium Lactate is the ammonium salt of lactic acid, appearing as a clear, hygroscopic liquid or syrupy solution. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries primarily for its moisturizing, pH adjusting, and antimicrobial properties. In topical formulations, it acts as a keratolytic agent to help exfoliate and hydrate skin, making it popular in treatments for dry, scaly, or ichthyotic skin conditions. Its biocompatibility and mild acidic nature make it a versatile ingredient in various industrial and personal care products.
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Uses
Primary UsesÂ
Pharmaceutical & Dermatological Applications
- Used in topical formulations such as creams, lotions, and gels to treat xerosis (dry skin), ichthyosis, and keratosis pilaris.
- Acts as a humectant and exfoliant by promoting skin hydration and mild exfoliation of dead skin cells.
- Incorporated in moisturizers to improve skin softness and elasticity.
- Sometimes used in anti-aging and acne treatment products.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Added to lotions, body washes, shampoos, and conditioners as a moisturizing agent.
- Adjusts pH to maintain skin-friendly levels in formulations.
- Enhances product stability and effectiveness.
Food Industry
- Occasionally used as a food additive for pH regulation or as a flavor enhancer, though less common than lactic acid itself.
- May be found in fermented food processing or preservation.
Secondary UsesÂ
Chemical & Industrial Uses
- Used as a pH buffer and stabilizer in various chemical processes.
- Can act as a biodegradable acidulant in cleaning and detergent formulations.
Agricultural Uses
- Employed in certain formulations for soil pH adjustment or as a biodegradable additive in fertilizers.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Utilized in some drug formulations as a stabilizer or pH adjuster.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate
- Common/Trade Names: Ammonium Lactate
- CAS Number: 78391-02-7
- HS Code: 2918.15.00
- Molecular Formula: C3H7NO3
- Synonyms: Ammonium 2-hydroxypropionate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless to slightly yellowish viscous liquid or syrup
- Odor: Mild, characteristic lactic acid odor
- Melting Point: Not applicable (liquid)
- Boiling Point: Approx. 200–220°C (decomposes)
- Density: ~1.1 g/cm³
- Solubility: Fully miscible with water; soluble in alcohol
- pH Level: Slightly acidic to neutral (typically 3.5–4.5 in solution)
- Vapor Pressure: Low
- Flash Point: Non-flammable
- Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to prolonged heat and light
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Generally regarded as safe; mild irritant
- NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0
- Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits; low toxicity
- Reactivity: Stable; no hazardous reactions under normal conditions
- Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, and bases
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers recommended
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Use protective gloves and eyewear when handling concentrated solutions
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Regulatory Status: Approved for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use in many countries
- FDA (USA): Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for cosmetic use
- REACH (EU): Registered chemical substance
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local regulations; biodegradable
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic life
- Persistence: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
- Carcinogenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
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Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Wear gloves and safety goggles to avoid skin and eye contact with concentrated solutions.
- Handling: Avoid inhaling vapors; handle in well-ventilated areas.
- Storage: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible substances.
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid ingestion or contact with eyes.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs.
- Skin Contact: Rinse affected area with water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible; may emit irritating fumes if heated to decomposition.
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚ to extinguish surrounding fires.
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear to avoid inhalation of fumes.