Ammonium Lactate

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Ammonium Lactate is the ammonium salt of lactic acid, appearing as a clear, hygroscopic liquid or syrupy solution. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries primarily for its moisturizing, pH adjusting, and antimicrobial properties. In topical formulations, it acts as a keratolytic agent to help exfoliate and hydrate skin, making it popular in treatments for dry, scaly, or ichthyotic skin conditions. Its biocompatibility and mild acidic nature make it a versatile ingredient in various industrial and personal care products.

Description

Ammonium Lactate

Primary Uses 

  1. Pharmaceutical & Dermatological Applications
  • Used in topical formulations such as creams, lotions, and gels to treat xerosis (dry skin), ichthyosis, and keratosis pilaris.
  • Acts as a humectant and exfoliant by promoting skin hydration and mild exfoliation of dead skin cells.
  • Incorporated in moisturizers to improve skin softness and elasticity.
  • Sometimes used in anti-aging and acne treatment products.
  1. Cosmetics & Personal Care
  • Added to lotions, body washes, shampoos, and conditioners as a moisturizing agent.
  • Adjusts pH to maintain skin-friendly levels in formulations.
  • Enhances product stability and effectiveness.
  1. Food Industry
  • Occasionally used as a food additive for pH regulation or as a flavor enhancer, though less common than lactic acid itself.
  • May be found in fermented food processing or preservation.

Secondary Uses 

  1. Chemical & Industrial Uses
  • Used as a pH buffer and stabilizer in various chemical processes.
  • Can act as a biodegradable acidulant in cleaning and detergent formulations.
  1. Agricultural Uses
  • Employed in certain formulations for soil pH adjustment or as a biodegradable additive in fertilizers.
  1. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Utilized in some drug formulations as a stabilizer or pH adjuster.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate
  • Common/Trade Names: Ammonium Lactate
  • CAS Number: 78391-02-7
  • HS Code: 2918.15.00
  • Molecular Formula: C3H7NO3
  • Synonyms: Ammonium 2-hydroxypropionate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: Clear, colorless to slightly yellowish viscous liquid or syrup
  • Odor: Mild, characteristic lactic acid odor
  • Melting Point: Not applicable (liquid)
  • Boiling Point: Approx. 200–220°C (decomposes)
  • Density: ~1.1 g/cm³
  • Solubility: Fully miscible with water; soluble in alcohol
  • pH Level: Slightly acidic to neutral (typically 3.5–4.5 in solution)
  • Vapor Pressure: Low
  • Flash Point: Non-flammable
  • Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to prolonged heat and light

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • Hazard Class (GHS): Generally regarded as safe; mild irritant
  • NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0
  • Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits; low toxicity
  • Reactivity: Stable; no hazardous reactions under normal conditions
  • Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, and bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources
  • Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers recommended
  • Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
  • Special Handling: Use protective gloves and eyewear when handling concentrated solutions

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • Regulatory Status: Approved for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use in many countries
  • FDA (USA): Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for cosmetic use
  • REACH (EU): Registered chemical substance
  • Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport
  • Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local regulations; biodegradable

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic life
  • Persistence: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
  • Carcinogenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic
  • Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

  • PPE: Wear gloves and safety goggles to avoid skin and eye contact with concentrated solutions.
  • Handling: Avoid inhaling vapors; handle in well-ventilated areas.
  • Storage: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible substances.
  • Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid ingestion or contact with eyes.

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs.
  • Skin Contact: Rinse affected area with water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested.

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible; may emit irritating fumes if heated to decomposition.
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ to extinguish surrounding fires.
  • Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear to avoid inhalation of fumes.