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Fructose
Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants, fruits, honey, and root vegetables. It is a simple sugar with a sweet taste and is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, alongside glucose and galactose. Fructose appears as a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, and is commonly used as a sweetener in food and beverage industries due to its high relative sweetness. It plays important roles in metabolism and is used extensively in the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and other sweetening agents.
Fructose
Primary Uses
- Food and Beverage Industry
- Widely used as a natural sweetener in beverages, soft drinks, fruit juices, baked goods, and confectionery.
- Key ingredient in high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is used to sweeten processed foods and drinks due to cost-effectiveness and intense sweetness.
- Used in low-calorie and reduced-fat food formulations to enhance sweetness without adding bulk.
- Functions as a humectant to retain moisture and improve texture in baked goods and processed foods.
- Acts as a fermentation substrate in the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine.
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industry
- Incorporated into syrups, lozenges, and chewable tablets as a sweetening agent to mask unpleasant tastes.
- Used as a source of quick energy in medical nutrition and oral rehydration solutions.
- Studied for potential prebiotic effects supporting gut health.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in formulations as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent in lotions, creams, and hair care products.
- Functions as a natural exfoliant when combined with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
- Biotechnology and Fermentation
- Employed as a carbon source in microbial fermentation processes for the production of biofuels, organic acids, and enzymes.
- Used as a substrate in enzymatic and microbial bioconversions.
Secondary Uses
- Animal Feed
- Added as an energy source in specialized animal feeds and supplements.
- Food Preservation
- Helps inhibit crystallization in frozen desserts and ice creams, improving texture and shelf life.
- Research and Analytical Chemistry
- Used as a reference standard in carbohydrate research and in quality control of food products.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
- Common/Trade Name: Fructose, Fruit sugar
- CAS Number: 57-48-7
- HS Code: 1702.90
- Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
- Synonyms: D-Fructose, Levulose, Fruit sugar
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless or faint sweet aroma
- Melting Point: 103–105 °C (anhydrous)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
- Sweetness: Approximately 1.2 to 1.8 times sweeter than sucrose
- Stability: Stable under dry conditions; susceptible to caramelization and Maillard reactions when heated with amino acids
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for consumption
- Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits; safe for handling under normal conditions
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and heat
- Container Type: Food-grade sealed containers, typically polyethylene or glass
- Shelf Life: Up to 24 months if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid moisture absorption; keep container tightly closed
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use as a sweetener and food additive by FDA, EFSA, and other regulatory agencies
- Listed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by FDA
- Usage limits regulated based on product type and country
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable and environmentally friendly
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact; non-toxic to aquatic organisms
- Bioaccumulation: Not bioaccumulative
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not carcinogenic or mutagenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Standard food handling gloves recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use good hygiene practices; avoid contamination
- Storage Measures: Prevent exposure to moisture to avoid clumping and microbial growth
- Hygiene Practices: Wash hands after handling; ensure clean food-grade environment
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Not applicable; low dust potential
- Skin Contact: Not irritating; wash if exposed to dust
- Eye Contact: Rinse with water if dust causes irritation
- Ingestion: Safe for consumption; no adverse effects at normal dietary levels
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible sugar powder; dust may form explosive mixtures in air
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
- Special Precautions: Avoid dust dispersion and ignition sources
- Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide on burning
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Ferrous Gluconate
Ferrous Gluconate is an iron salt of gluconic acid, appearing as a pale greenish-blue or green crystalline powder or granules. It is widely used as a nutritional iron supplement and food additive due to its good bioavailability and relatively low toxicity compared to other iron salts. Ferrous Gluconate is water-soluble, providing a stable source of ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) that is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. This compound is commonly employed in pharmaceuticals, food fortification, and medical formulations to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia. It is also used as a reducing agent and color stabilizer in various industrial applications.
Folic Acid
Folic Acid, also known as Vitamin B9 or pteroylmonoglutamic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for numerous physiological processes including DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as amino acid metabolism. It appears as a yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, odorless or with a faint characteristic odor. Folic Acid is vital for cell division and growth, making it critical during pregnancy and periods of rapid growth. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food fortification, and cosmetic industries due to its role in preventing folate deficiency anemia, neural tube defects in newborns, and supporting overall cellular health.
Guaiphenesin BP
Guaiphenesin BP is a white crystalline powder or granules with a faint characteristic odor, classified as an expectorant used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations to relieve chest congestion. It works by loosening and thinning mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear from the respiratory tract. It is widely utilized in cough syrups, tablets, and cold remedies. Recognized for its mucolytic and muscle-relaxant properties, Guaiphenesin is included in both prescription and over-the-counter medications worldwide.
Maltitol Powder
Maltitol Powder is a white, crystalline polyol (sugar alcohol) derived from hydrogenated maltose obtained from starch sources like corn or wheat. It is a low-calorie, high-sweetness sugar substitute with about 90% the sweetness of sucrose but significantly fewer calories (approximately 2.1 kcal/g vs. 4 kcal/g for sugar). It has excellent solubility, low hygroscopicity, and provides a clean, sweet taste without an aftertaste. Maltitol Powder is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications for its sugar-like properties, making it suitable for diabetic, low-carb, and dental-friendly formulations.
Sodium Saccharin
Sodium Saccharin is a white crystalline powder or granule with the chemical formula C₇H₄NNaO₃S·2H₂O. It is the sodium salt of saccharin, an artificial sweetener approximately 300–500 times sweeter than sucrose. This non-nutritive, zero-calorie sweetener is widely used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. Packaged in 25kg containers, it is highly soluble in water, heat-stable, and has excellent shelf life, making it a cost-effective and versatile sweetening agent.
Sucralose
Sucralose is a high-intensity, zero-calorie artificial sweetener derived from sucrose through selective chlorination. It is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, making it an effective sugar substitute in a wide range of food and beverage applications. Sucralose is stable under heat and across a broad pH range, suitable for cooking, baking, and long shelf-life products. It delivers sweetness without calories or glycemic impact, favored in health-conscious and diabetic-friendly formulations.
Xylitol
Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener. It is derived primarily from plant materials such as birch wood and corn cobs. Xylitol has sweetness comparable to sucrose but with fewer calories, making it popular in sugar-free and diabetic-friendly food products. It also exhibits dental health benefits by reducing the risk of cavities.
